目前分類:GRE填空 (29)

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“ 關係代名詞限定用法VS.非限定用法-『逗號』的差異 ”

首先要來說明一下關係代名詞在幹媽的,其實就是修飾名詞用的,所以在文法定義上他會是形容詞子句要注意它是『不完整子句』,完整句一定是S+Vi 或是S+Vt+O的結構(當然長句子會有介詞結構等等,但這些都不是主要結構),但是為何關係代名詞引導的子句會是不完整句(結構當中缺S或是O就是不完整句),因為這個缺的名詞(S或是O)就是被前面的先行詞取代了,整個關係代名詞引導的形容詞子句去修飾前方的先行詞,另一種說法是關係代名詞which/ who ....,他們的含意就是and+先行詞,所以會產生不完整句就是其中不完整句的S或是O有一個被抓去和and合併被吃掉了,但這不是要探討的重點所以展開至此,大致了解關係代名詞請用不完整句就夠了。至於有時候在結構上會出現 先行詞+ 關係代名詞形容詞子句先行詞+ 『,』關係代名詞形容詞子句,逗點就是關鍵了

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GRE在做填空的時候常常會找很明顯的對比字或是相同意義的字做考點
所以整理出可能會考的面字詞供參考
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GRE在做填空的時候常常會找很明顯的對比字或是相同意義的字做考點
所以整理出可能會考的正面字詞供參考
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AMONG cultural critics who have spent any time considering the meaning of the circus, clowns are often considered bold anarchists of the theatrical arts. Champions of ill-fitting clothes, itinerants who don't dwell on price-to-rent ratios, clowns are enemies of impulse control, averse to agenda setting. They thrive on humiliation and find truth in naïveté. Clowns, it can be said, are that species of performer ontologically most at odds with all that is New York. 

對於在那些隨時都在花時間探索馬戲團奧義的文化名嘴眼中,小丑阿通常被視為劇場藝術勇敢的叛逆份子。以不修邊幅的穿著著稱,也是個連房租都不想付浪人,他們幫忙帶走觀眾暴怒情緒,討厭被當成媒體寵兒。他們在眾人嘲笑當中成長茁壯,在耍憨中找真相(別人笑我太瘋癲,我笑他人看不穿)。也就是說在所有紐約表演者當中,小丑本質上來說是非常奇葩的表演族群

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Heinrich Feyermahn, in insisting that Galileo did not fully uphold the tenets of scientific rationalism, does not exclusively implicate the Italian astronomer, but rather the very edifice of Western thought. For if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is found wanting, then the history of science cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases. Thus, Feyermahn admonishes, in faithfully chronicling the sweep of science in the last 300 years, historiographers would be remiss to not include the human foibles that were part of even the most ostensibly Apollonian endeavors.
HF堅持說伽利略不是一個完全遵守科學理性原則的人,HF不只是影射這個義大利天文學家,而且也在講整個西方思維都是如此。如果伽利略是傳說中的理性思維模範的話,但因為真正的伽利略被發現不是如此,那麼這方面科學的歷史就不能解讀伽利略是一個有關於科學家們排除人類偏見去做事的永久繼承者。因此HF綜觀近代科學300年史,他就譴責歷史學者忽略不去把人類的弱點也就是膚淺的理性給納入考量
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For all the _____ the new CEO has received from the press recently, her staff have a decidedly less rosy view of her.

Aencomiums

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No other contemporary poet’s work has such a well-earned reputation for near impenetrability, and there are few whose moral vision is so imperiously unsparing. Of late, however, the almost belligerent demands of his severe and densely forbidding poetry have taken an improbable turn. This new collection is the poet’s fourth book in six years ——an ample output even for poets of sunny disposition, let alone for one of such penitential austerity over the previous 50 years. Yet for all his newfound volubility, his poetry is as thorny as ever
沒有其他當代詩人的作品跟他一樣可以有"天書"的稱號,也幾乎沒有人的道德標準是如此嚴謹不寬容的。然而後來他的嚴肅到幾乎快要打人的道德要求還有那有看沒有懂的詩集似乎有了出乎意料的改變。這個新的詩集是這個詩人六年內的第四本書了這對於性情樂觀的詩人來說是很大量的出版,更何況是一個過去五十年嚴以律己的人。但是儘管所有他的新作有很多的梗和內容,但詩的本質一如往常讀起來很有障礙。
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I’ve long anticipated this retrospective of the artist’s work, hoping it would make settled judgments about him possible, but greater familiarity with his paintings highlights their inherent ambiguity and actually makes one’s assessment similarly equivocal.
我迫不及待要去這藝術家的作品回顧展了,希望這展能使他有明確定位的可能,但是進一步的認識他畫作後卻反而點出作品的內在矛盾,實際上也使一個人的評價難以界定
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The historian's narrative of the dynasty's decline is questionable, because though there is nothing inherently implausible abuot the account, largely parts of it rely on conjecture.
這個有關於朝代衰敗的歷史講述有所瑕疵,因為雖然史料上本身沒有內在的疑慮,但是絕大部分的歷史講述都是猜出來的
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The research committee urged the archaeologist to (i)_____her claim that the tomb she has discovered was that of Alexander the Great since her initial report has been based only on(ii)_____.

Adisseminate… supposition

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Unlike most other serious journals, which drain money from their owners, the Review has long been lucrative. But the formula is not without its imperfections, which have grown more pronounced in recent years. The publication has always been erudite and authoritative but not always lively and readable. A staleness, accompanied by a certain aversion to risk taking, has pervaded its pages for a long time.
不像其他還在藉由雜誌老闆砸錢的雜誌,這個期刊已經在獲利了,但是但這不代表它是完美的,近期缺點可說是越來越明顯。期刊本身內容博大精深,也很權威,但不夠活潑讀者讀不下去。伴隨著一種特定去逃避危險的過時思維體現在這雜誌上也有好一段日子了 
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His premiership, seemingly cast-iron year ago, is now so vulnerable that even a good day at the office does no more than buy him a few weeks of _____ from rebels within his own party.

Acontroversy

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The biographer’s intense emotional involvement with his subject did not (i) _____ objectivity, since the passionate engagement fostered deep knowledge that was ultimately necessary for truly (ii) _____ judgment.
A preclude...disinterested
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The media once portrayed the governor as anything but ineffective; they now, however, make her out to be the epitome of _____ .

Afecklessness

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The author argued that the field of sociology has been overly narrow in scope, partly because, for many scholars, the edges of social universe are defined by national borders. In this era of increasing globalization, however, sociology is presented with a historically distinct opportunity to transcend its former parochialism.
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The slow pace of job creation was without precedent for the period of recovery from a recession, but the conditions that conspired to cause the recession were also atypical. The stock market declined sharply, and rampant business investment slumped. Then an ensuing spate of scandals weakened public trust in the way companies were run. And yet, despite these powerful counterforces to growth, the recession proved surprisingly mild.
緩慢的工作崗位的增加在這個蕭條時刻的復甦期是史無前例的,但是伴隨著導致經濟萎縮的情況也是不合乎常理。股市劇跌,蓬勃的商業投資也式微。接著而來一陣醜聞也貶低了大眾對公司運營方式的信任。但是儘管這麼大的反作用力擋住經濟成長,蕭條清況是意想不到的微小柔和。
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Although movie critic Pauline Kael had a distaste for sycophantic, she also had a need for obeisance ; as a consequence of these competing feelings, she sent very mixed signals to friends and colleagues. 
雖然影評人Pauline Kael討厭人家捧她,但是她也要別人尊敬她;作為這個矯情的結果,友人和同事對她的表現感到矇B阿
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Recent scholarship has questioned the naturalness of tropical forests around the world. Archaeologists have shown, for example, that the largest contiguous tract of what was thought to be virgin rain forest in the southern Amazon had been transformed into a cultural parkland before European contact, and many of the forest islands in West Africa's savanna forest transition zone are anthropogenic as well.
近期的學術成就已經對全世界熱帶雨林的自然本質提出質疑。例如:考古學家已經揭露出這個一大片被視為南亞馬遜未開發的雨林,原來在歐洲踏上此地之前已經變成文化村了,而且在西非大草原森林過渡區裡很多的雨林島嶼也是人工的
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He was never impetuous ;he was nothing if not circumspect, so he forbore for the present to declare his passion 
他從不衝動,也就是說他如果不謹慎的話他就是魯蛇,所以他忍住不去發洩他的情緒
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The question of when, if ever, history can be considered apolitical is contentious,to say the least. One could argue, for example,that any evaluation of the 180-year-old presidency of Andrew Jackson would likely be free from the controversies that define evaluations of more contemporaneous political leaders, and yet a plethora of passionately held views continues to polarize. The subjectivity of any one judgment is perhaps the one certainty surrounding the issue.

事情可以這麼說,有關於在哪個時間點,如果有的話,歷史可以不考慮政治因素的問題實在是難以下定論。例如,有人說任何一個對於180年前安卓傑克森的總統任期的評價來說應該可以免於那些來自評斷眾多同期的政治領袖的評比所產生的爭議,然而一大堆強烈支持傑克森的總統任期的觀點卻開始持續的轉往反對的另一端。任何一個主觀判斷也許就是一個表示對這個議題的呼應,真正存在著爭議性(因為各持所見,所以依舊沒共識)

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