熱血背包客莊ㄟ

推理題技巧，以下都是無聊的分析，請斟酌閱讀，以下推理過程很繁雜，但習慣就不會了，假設您還沒找到適合的推理題解題方式的話，不仿參考以下內容，防止必須通讀全文的窘境

ID：infer / imply / suggest / indicate / most likely 

三大解題思路：

1.一般對比推理：會在文章中找到兩個等值的對象，可能為人，事，物，然後當其中一個物件，假設"物件A"中的特徵被描述，題目會問"物件B"的特徵是什麼，那麼這時候就要看文章的描述，假設物件A和物件B是相同屬性的所以可以推出A=B，反之則A=-B，例如(文章的線索：A功課很好，A在資優班不同於B在放牛班，所以推理出的答案就是B成績不好)

2.時間對比推理：時間段的推理，時間點定義出來之後，問你在時間點之前和之後發生什麼事，前後是什麼關係，這裡一定是考特徵相反的題目，只有相反才需要在文章上標訂出時間點，例如：A在20s' popular答案選項就會是 20s'前A不popular 

3.集合概念推理：一個數學大集合當中，假設A集合，和B集合更成了整個集合，所以可以知道總集合就是A+B，因此假設A減少了，那就表示B增加了，這就是互補性取反的考題，例如同一個班級當中，男同學減少10個人，換句話說女生比例增加了。第二：假設今天是在講特徵上面的集合，例如於生活在水中，推理出的答案可能會是，魚在水中繁殖，因為就集合概念講，魚的繁殖只是魚生活的一部分，所以繁殖這個活動被包含在生活這個集合的範圍內。

正推比較間單：就看相似點即可

反推的話，可以根據轉折，否定，反義，時間地點下手

時間就是考察前後內容的矛盾點

地點就是考察內外內容的矛盾點

以下直接進入推理題

PS：According to paragraph X 這樣開頭的要用細節題解

By whatever means, a lake is constantly gaining water and losing water: its water does not just sit there, or, anyway, not for long. This raises the matter of a lake’s residence time. The residence time is the average length of time that any particular molecule of water remains in the lake, and it is calculated by dividing the volume of water in the lake by the rate at which water leaves the lake. The residence time is an average; the time spent in the lake by a given molecule (if we could follow its fate) would depend on the route it took: it might flow through as part of the fastest, most direct current, or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time.

It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lake

A. depends entirely upon the average speed of a lake' s currents

B. can be measured by the volume of the lake alone

C. can be greater or lesser than the residence time

D. is similar to the length of time all other molecules remain in that lake

解題步驟：

第一步：定位詞找到a given molecule，然後往上找到對應人物any particular molecule

第二步：找對應人物的內容，所以找到The residence time is the average

第三步：找邏輯關係詞找不到，所以要找一下原本題目找到的黃色區塊裡的內容，發現有個The residence time is an average，所以同向，答案就在average的涵意當中，這題也算是考到推理題另一個考法，就是找到答案還要自行翻譯才能找到選項，選(C)

這題其實就是集合判斷而已，題目問某一個假定的粒子如何，然後文章中給你任何一個特別的粒子如何，所以任何一個就有包括一個假定的粒子

The Venetian Council finally allowed round ships to enter the trade that was previously reserved for merchant galleys, thus reducing transport cost by one third. Prices of spices delivered by ship from the eastern Mediterranean came to equal those of spices transported by Paortuguese vessels, but the increase in quantity with both routes in operation drove the price far down. Gradually, Venice’s role as a storage and distribution center for spices and silk, dyes cotton, and gold decayed, and by the early seventeenth century Venice had lost its monopoly in markets such as France and southern Germany.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the Venetian Council’s decision concerning the use of round ships?

A. It resulted in a return to profitable in luxury goods for Venetian merchants.

B. Ultimately it did not restore the superiority in the spice trade that Venice had enjoyed earlier.

C. It eventually enabled Venetian merchants to increase the quantity and price of the spices they sold in Europe.

D.  It means a long-awaited improvement in the fortunes of the shipbuilding industry in Venice.

解題步驟：

第一步：找定位詞round ships，接者找對手Paortuguese vessels

第二步：找PV的內容，increase in quantity with both routes in operation drove the price far down

第三步：找邏輯關係，came to equal，同向相似帶入表格，far down(往下)就是沒有以前厲害了，選(B)

When experimental populations are set up under simple laboratory conditions, the predator often exterminates its pre and then becomes extinct itself, having nothing left to eat. However, if safe areas like those prey animals have in the wild are provided, the prey population drops to low level but not extinction. Low prey population levels then provide inadequate food for the predators, causing the predator population to decrease. When this occurs, the prey population can rebound. In this situation the predator and prey population may continue in this cyclical pattern for some time.

Paragraph 2 implies which of the following about experimental environments in which predators become extinct?

A. They may yield results that do not accurate predict changes of populations in the wild.

B. In these environments, the prey species is better adapted than the predator species.

C. These environments are appropriate only for studying small populations of predators and prey.

D. They are unrealistic because some predators are also the prey of other predators.

解題步驟：

第一步：找定位詞experimental environments，接者找對手safe areas

第二步：找safe areas的內容，the prey population drops to low level but not extinction.

第三步：having nothing left to eat VS.the wild are provided，邏輯取反帶入表格，答案會是not drop to low，然後在經過推理語言轉譯之後發現(A)就是答案得到的結果和野生地方不一樣

Because the surface of the water table is not flat but instead rises and falls with topography, groundwater is affected by gravity in the same fashion as surface water. Groundwater flows downhill to topographic lows. If the water table intersect the land surface, groundwater will flow out onto the surface at springs, whether to be collected there or to subsequently flow farther along a drainage. Groundwater commonly collects in stream drainages but may remain entirely beneath the surface of dry stream-beds in arid regions. In particularly wet years, short stretches of an otherwise dry stream-bed may have flowing water because the water table rises to intersect the land surface.

Paragraph 5 implies which of the following about the level of the water

A. It may rise or fall from year to year, depending on annual rainfall.

B. It does not vary in arid regions.

C. It rarely intersects the land surface of most regions.

D. It is unrelated to the rate at which groundwater flows.

解題步驟：

第一步：找定位詞the level of the water，這題很隱晦他只給座標沒有給點位，所以要自己生兩個座標點位出來對比，往下喵一下有沒有轉折強調之類的關鍵詞，有時候找不到對應點是可以透過這類功能性詞彙去找會比較容易找到，看到了In particularly，所以經過一番的努力找到arid regions VS.articularly wet years

第二步：找dry的內容，beneath the surface

第三步：wet VS.dry怎麼看都是相反，所以答案選(A)表示有升有降

Only rarely can we derive any “real” quantities from deposits of broken pots. However, there is one exceptional dump, which does represent a very large part of the site’s total history of consumption and for which an estimate of quantity has been produced. On the left bank of the Tiber River in Rome, by one of the river ports of the ancient city, is a substantial hill some 50 meters high called Monte Testaccio.It is made up entirely of broken oil amphorae, mainly of the second and third centuries A.D. It has been estimated that Monte Testaccio contains the remains of some 53 million amphorae, in which around 6,000million liters of oil were imported into the city from overseas, imports into imperial Rome were supported by the full might of the state and were therefore quite exceptional----but the size of the operations at Monte Testaccio, and the productivity and complexity that lay behind them, nonetheless cannot fail to impress. This was a society with similarities to modern one----moving goods on a gigantic scal, manufacturing high-quality containers to do so, and occasionally, as here, even discarding them on delivery.

Paragraph 4 indicates which of the following about the port on the Tiber River near Monte Testaccio?

A. It was built around the third century A.D.

B. It was close to areas where large quantities of oil were produced.

C. It was in use only for a very short period of time.

D. It had impressive level of commercial activity.

解題步驟：

這題看到很多地點，名子，有the port，Tiber River，還有Monte Testaccio，這麼多專有名詞擠在一起，等等要找對應的對手不就要找三組以上嗎(port可能會想到輸出跟輸入，Tiber River可能會想到河邊VS.岸邊，Monte Testaccio可能會連想到靠近MT VS.遠離MT)這樣反而使題目複雜化，而且他們三者之間也不能互相比較，這時候有沒有注意到port，地方，Tiber River，河的名子，Monte Testaccio，一個專有名詞，哈哈這不是剛好滿足修辭目的題的論據結構嗎，所以囉這題不用懷疑，她就是批著推理題皮的修辭目的題，因此進入修辭目的題解題步驟

解題方式：

1.句子判定：port，地方，Tiber River，河的名子，Monte Testaccio，一個專有名詞，此句為論據

2.關鍵詞：根據線性原則，論點會在前方所以往前找一句，這兩句之間(綠框+黃框)沒轉折，視為順向同邏輯

3.主幹：因此往前找到a very large part of the site’s total history of consumption，然後轉換成推理題語言large part→impressive，total history of consumption→commercial activity，選(D)

如果要力求保險的人可以繼續往下看求個心安，but the size of the operations at Monte Testaccio, and the productivity and complexity that lay behind them, nonetheless cannot fail to impress.

以上自己整理出來的內容希望能幫上忙，喜歡，或是不喜歡還是有錯誤，歡迎留言指教，謝謝!! 

有興趣研究進階推理題的話：TOEFL-Reading | TPO17-3 The chief problem was technological: How were the Europeans to reach the East?