推理題技巧，以下都是無聊的分析，請斟酌閱讀，我不搞翻譯這一套，因為最好是每次考試每一個字都看得懂，以下推理過程很繁雜，但習慣就不會了，假設您還沒找到適合的推理題解題方式的話，不仿參考以下內容，防止必須通讀全文的窘境
ID：infer / imply / suggest / indicate / most likely
三大解題思路：
1.一般對比推理：會在文章中找到兩個等值的對象，可能為人，事，物，然後當其中一個物件，假設"物件A"中的特徵被描述，題目會問"物件B"的特徵是什麼，那麼這時候就要看文章的描述，假設物件A和物件B是相同屬性的所以可以推出A=B，反之則A=-B，例如(文章的線索：A功課很好，A在資優班不同於B在放牛班，所以推理出的答案就是B成績不好)
2.時間對比推理：時間段的推理，時間點定義出來之後，問你在時間點之前和之後發生什麼事，前後是什麼關係，這裡一定是考特徵相反的題目，只有相反才需要在文章上標訂出時間點，例如：A在20s' popular答案選項就會是 20s'前A不popular
3.集合概念推理：一個數學大集合當中，假設A集合，和B集合更成了整個集合，所以可以知道總集合就是A+B，因此假設A減少了，那就表示B增加了，這就是互補性取反的考題，例如同一個班級當中，男同學減少10個人，換句話說女生比例增加了。第二：假設今天是在講特徵上面的集合，例如於生活在水中，推理出的答案可能會是，魚在水中繁殖，因為就集合概念講，魚的繁殖只是魚生活的一部分，所以繁殖這個活動被包含在生活這個集合的範圍內。
正推比較間單：就看相似點即可
反推的話，可以根據轉折，否定，反義，時間地點下手
時間就是考察前後內容的矛盾點
地點就是考察內外內容的矛盾點
以下直接進入推理題
PS：According to paragraph X 這樣開頭的要用細節題解題方式
By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80° to 180° centigrade. Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.
Geothermal reservoirs with temperatures above 180° centigrade are useful for generating electricity. They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic activity as hot, dry rock; natural hot water; or natural steam. The latter two sources are limited to those few areas where surface water seeps down through underground faults or fractures to reach deep rocks heated by the recent activity of molten rock material. The world's largest supply of natural steam occurs at The Geysers, 120 kilometers north of San Francisco, California. In the 1990s enough electricity to meet about half the needs of San Francisco was being generated there. This facility was then in its third decade of production and was beginning to show signs of decline, perhaps because of over development. By the late 1990s some 70 geothermal electric-generating plants were in operation in California, Utah, Nevada, and Hawaii, generating enough power to supply about a million people. Eighteen countries now generate electricity using geothermal heat.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about geothermal reservoirs?
A. Volcanic heat is associated only with geothermal reservoirs that have a temperature over 180° centigrade.
B. More countries produce power from geothermal reservoirs than use them for heating buildings.
C. Most geothermal reservoirs are suitable for producing electricity.
D. A higher geothermal reservoir temperature is needed to generate electricity than is needed to heat homes.
解題方式：
第一步：找定位詞geothermal reservoirs，對應到文章中
第二步：找定位詞的對應點，找範圍，他在玩數學集合，這個找久就有感覺了，above 180°對應的應該會是180度以下，所以看原文中發現
第三步：確定邏輯關係，帶入表格，因為一個是180以上，一個是180以下，所以明顯是取反題目，看一下選(D)直接對應表格一即可
表格一
或是表格二
The contribution of geothermal energy to the world's energy future is difficult to estimate. Geothermal energy is in a sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of a reservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slow geological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heat reservoir. However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa)the resource is potentially so large that its future will depend on the economics of production. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurring hot water or steam deposits. Although the potential is enormous, it is likely that in the near future geothermal energy can make important local contributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economics are favorable, as they are in California, New Zealand, and Iceland. Geothermal energy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energy budget until well into the twenty-first century, if ever.
In paragraph 6, the author implies that in California, Hawaii, the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, and the rift valleys of Africa the potential size of the geothermal resource is so large that
A. it might be economically worth developing these sites even though geothermal energy is not renewable
B. these sites will be the first geothermal energy sites to be developed with new technology
C. these sites are likely to make a large-scale contribution to the world energy budget in the twenty-first century
D. it does not matter whether they have naturally occurring deposits of hot water or steam
解題方式：
這題看到implies判對是推理題沒錯，可是她題目給的題幹完全可以100%對到文章中，其實也可以用細節題的四步驟去完成，不過還是回來以推理題型式解題
第一步：找到定位詞後，找對應的對手是誰，他們都在講地點，所以可以找到in many places
第二步：對手的內容是什麼，ts future will depend on the economics of production.發展生產的經濟
第三步：找邏輯關係詞for example，舉例即表示直接畫上等號，認同論點才會句舉例，帶入表格(A)對應到economically，developing，future=might
PS：這題是考地點對比，不是考時間對比，所以At present, we can make efficient use of on..這一句以後就要被視為作者在講另外一件事了，在文章結構上是不可以去選擇這句話之後的內容當作答案，假設今天題目問道future，那才要去跟At present做邏輯上的對比取反，這時候題目答案可能會是naturally occurring hot water or steam deposits取反所以可以看出ETS很賤的把陷阱放在(D)當中
These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment, changing the substrate elevation, and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration; it is also used for coastal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.
Paragraph 4 suggests that where Spartina occurs naturally, an established stand of it will eventually
A. create conditions in which it can no longer survive
B. get washed away by water flowing through the deep channels that form around it
C. become adapted to brackish water
D. take over other grass species growing in the area
解題方式：
像這種題目出現的內容被分散在不同的句子當中就難以用表格對比整理出答案，但其實他就是批著推理題皮細節題，然後得到的答案之後再請你針對答案內容和選項中做保持邏輯上一至的推理，也就是說可以想像這個題目就是在得到答案之後，再做句子改寫題的動作而已
細節四部
1.定位詞：Spartina occurs naturally，established stand
2.邏輯詞：displaced by
3.正負詞：無
4.主幹：higher-elevation, brackish-water species，這裡主幹應該就是答案，但是他是推理題，所以意味著文字還要再轉換一次，S被取代掉了，也就是S沒了的意思S gone，選(A)
The rapid technical development of photography—the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds—had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas.
It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that one effect that photography had on painting was that it
A. provided painters with new insights into how humans and animals actually move
B. showed that representing movement could be as interesting as portrait art
C. increased the appeal of painted portraiture among the wealthy
D. influenced artists to improve techniques for painting faster
解題方式：
這題跟剛剛的一樣，當細節題做，題目都已經把對應對手找出來了photography VS. painting，painting又等於art，他只是問什麼的效果
細節四部
1.定位詞：one effect=The accidental effects，photography， painting
2.邏輯詞：differed widely，取反
3.正負詞：無
4.主幹：the movements of both humans and animals，所以要找的答案就是movements不一樣，(A)new insights=differed，movements= humans and animals move
Agriculture and fishing formed the primary sector of the economy in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century. Dutch agriculture was modernized and commercialized new crops and agricultural techniques raised levels of production so that they were in line with market demands and cheap grain was imported annually from the Baltic region in large quantities. According to estimates, about 120,000 tons of imported grain fed about 600,000 people: that is about a third of the Dutch population. Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.
By indicating that production was in line with market demands the author means that Dutch farmers were able to
A. exceed other European countries in agricultural production
B. produce crops mat were similar to those popular in other European countries
C. supply sufficient quantities of the agricultural products that the Dutch population wanted to buy
D. satisfy the demand for high quality agricultural products from the Baltic region
解題方式：
這題也是變相的推理題，題目幫你定位 in line with market demands，也出現author，這根本就是修辭目的題阿，只不過是多了indicating罷了，所以用修辭目的題的解題方式找出答案之後再對答案做推理轉換，句子改寫並保持邏輯一致
1.句子判定：往前看找到so that，立即得知這是因果關係句，被反白的部分是結果
2.關鍵詞：文中so that，題目是By所以等會找主幹就會出現在前方敘述原因的地方
3.主幹：Dutch agriculture was modernized and commercialized new crops and agricultural techniques raised levels of production。直接對應(C)sufficient quantities of the agricultural products對應raised levels of production， wanted to buy 對應commercialized
以上自己整理出來的內容希望能幫上忙，喜歡，或是不喜歡還是有錯誤，歡迎留言指教，謝謝!!
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