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推理題技巧，以下都是無聊的分析，請斟酌閱讀，以下推理過程很繁雜，但習慣就不會了，假設您還沒找到適合的推理題解題方式的話，不仿參考以下內容，防止必須通讀全文的窘境

ID：infer / imply / suggest / indicate / most likely 

三大解題思路：

1.一般對比推理：會在文章中找到兩個等值的對象，可能為人，事，物，然後當其中一個物件，假設"物件A"中的特徵被描述，題目會問"物件B"的特徵是什麼，那麼這時候就要看文章的描述，假設物件A和物件B是相同屬性的所以可以推出A=B，反之則A=-B，例如(文章的線索：A功課很好，A在資優班不同於B在放牛班，所以推理出的答案就是B成績不好)

2.時間對比推理：時間段的推理，時間點定義出來之後，問你在時間點之前和之後發生什麼事，前後是什麼關係，這裡一定是考特徵相反的題目，只有相反才需要在文章上標訂出時間點，例如：A在20s' popular答案選項就會是 20s'前A不popular 

3.集合概念推理：一個數學大集合當中，假設A集合，和B集合更成了整個集合，所以可以知道總集合就是A+B，因此假設A減少了，那就表示B增加了，這就是互補性取反的考題，例如同一個班級當中，男同學減少10個人，換句話說女生比例增加了。第二：假設今天是在講特徵上面的集合，例如於生活在水中，推理出的答案可能會是，魚在水中繁殖，因為就集合概念講，魚的繁殖只是魚生活的一部分，所以繁殖這個活動被包含在生活這個集合的範圍內。

正推比較間單：就看相似點即可

反推的話，可以根據轉折，否定，反義，時間地點下手

時間就是考察前後內容的矛盾點

地點就是考察內外內容的矛盾點

以下直接進入推理題

PS：According to paragraph X 這樣開頭的要用細節題解

Sometime after midnight on February 8,1969, a large, bright meteor entered Earth's atmosphere and broke into thousands of pieces, plummeted to the ground, and scattered over an area 50 miles long and 10 miles wide in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico. The first meteorite from this fall was found in the village of Pueblito de Allende. Altogether, roughly two tons of meteorite fragments were recovered, all of which bear the name Allende for the location of the first discovery.

@ Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the large meteor that entered Earths atmosphere on February 8, 1969?

A. It was almost ten miles wide.

B. It was the biggest meteor ever to hit Mexico.

C. It weighed more than two tons.

D. It broke into more pieces than most meteors do.

第一步：由題目去找定位句，找出兩個同性質的主角為 large meteor 他進入地球，變成碎片，所以large meteor=thousands of pieces

第二步：找不是題目中的那個主角，也就是thousands of pieces 的內容roughly two tons of meteorite fragments

第三步：碎片由隕石而來，所以相似，帶入表格

答案選(C)

The questions become more complicated when actual volumes of water are considered: how much water enters and leaves by each route? Discovering the inputs and outputs of rivers is a matter of measuring the discharges of every inflowing and outflowing stream and river. Then exchanges with the atmosphere are calculated by finding the difference between the gains from rain, as measured (rather roughly) by rain gauges, and the losses by evaporation, measured with models that correct for the other sources of water loss. For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect. Changes in lake level not explained by river flows plus exchanges with the atmosphere must be due to the net difference between what seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater. Note the word "net": measuring the actual amounts of groundwater seepage into the lake and out of the lake is a much more complicated matter than merely inferring their difference.

@ Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the movement of water into a lake?

A. Heavy rain accounts for most of the water that enters into lakes.

B. Rainfall replaces approximately the amount of water lost through evaporation.

C. Overland flow into lakes is reduced by the presence of forests.

D. Seepage has a smaller effect on water level than any other input.

老樣子來個推理三步之後填表格

第一步：要找lake，不是看到第二句有個river就選了，在邏輯上河水的輸入是不等於湖水的輸入，所以定位完之後讀一下有沒有主角二出現，但是這裡有個For the majority of lakes，就要馬上考慮他是集合推理的考題，定位句對於 the movement of water into a lake只是其中一部分的解釋，所以還要往後看，其他into a lake的解釋，

第二步：找到了difference between what seeps into the lake，因此這個數學集合就可以出現了水的輸入有兩種，一個是Overland flow，一個是groundwater，好的主角找到了，就找他們的內容囉，內容就是changes in lake，overland小，因為森林，然後groundwater因為seep大。所以找答案兩者取一個(C)

Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in respiratory control are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they function. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job. However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep.

@ According to paragraph 1, which of the following can be inferred about the diaphragm during sleep?

A. During sleep the diaphragm requires increased movement of the rib cage.

B. The diaphragm helps with breathing as movements of the rib cage decrease during sleep.

C. The diaphragm requires a great amount of pressure to function properly.

D. The diaphragm contributes to the effective functioning of the rib cage.

推理三部曲

第一步：diaphragm during sleep，找定位句，找文章中另一個主角，在定位句當中找到了rib cage，做主角二

第二步：rib cage他的內容是reduced during sleep

第三步：找關係contractions，意味著相反，帶入表格

所以可以推出來diaphragm，是增加的選(B)

Steam power and iron combined to revolutionize transport, which in turn had further implications. Improvements in road construction and sailing had occurred, but shipping heavy freight over land remained expensive, even with the use of rivers and canals wherever possible. Parallel rails had long been used in mining operations to move bigger loads, but horses were still the primary source of power. However, the arrival of the steam engine initiated a complete transformation in rail transportation, entrenching and expanding the Industrial Revolution. As transportation improved, distant and larger markets within the nation could be reached, thereby encouraging the development of larger factories to keep pace with increasing sales. Greater productivity and rising demands provided entrepreneurs with profits that could be reinvested to take advantage of new technologies to further expand capacity, or to seek alternative investment opportunities. Also, the availability of jobs in railway construction attracted many rural laborers accustomed to seasonal and temporary employment. When the work was completed, many moved to other construction jobs or to factory work in cities and towns, where they became part of an expanding working class.

@ Paragraph 4 implies which of the following about the transformation in rail transportation?

A. Because railway construction employed mostly rural laborers, unemployment increased among urban workers.

B. It resulted in more trade within the country, but less trade with markets that could be reached only by ocean shipping.

C. It made shipping freight overland to distant markets less expensive.

D. It resulted in higher wages for factory workers.

推理三部曲：

第一步：transformation in rail transportation，找定位句，並從中找出主角二，從however看不到另一個主角，但是轉折表示有可能在講的內容角色和前面互換了，所以往前找跟rail相對應的東西，找到了Improvements in road construction and sailing had occurred, but shipping heavy freight over land remained expensive, even with the use of rivers and canals wherever possible.當中rivers and canals

第二步：看R&C的內容是什麼，shipping heavy freight over land remained expensive

第三步：兩者關係，一個鐵路一個是水陸，兩者相反，代入

答案就是(C)了

The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again.
 

@ Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals

A. produce even more seeds than in a wet year \

B. do not sprout from their seeds

C. bloom much later than in a wet year

D. are more plentiful than perennials

推理三部曲又來了：

第一步：題目中主角一a dry year ephemerals ，定位句沒有其他的內容及對象了，往後看a year of favorable precipitation

第二步：然後看下雨有什麼內容，develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers

第三步：題目這邊看到during，很明顯胎想要問時間對比的推理，帶入

答案秒選(B)

The water table is the underground boundary below which all the cracks and pores are filled with water. In some cases, the water table reaches Earth’s surface, where it is expressed as rivers, lakes and marshes. Typically, though, the water table may be tens or hundreds of meters below the surface. The water table is not flat but usually follows the contours of the topography. Above the water table is the vadose zone, through which rainwater percolates. Water in the vadose zone drains down to the water table, leaving behind a thin coating of water on mineral grains. The vadose zone supplies plant roots near the surface with water.

@ Paragraph 4 implies which of the following about the roots of plants?

A. They prevent water from reaching the vadose zone.

B. They mark the boundary between the vadose zone and the water table

C. They do not typically get their water from the water table.

D. They help keep the water table from dropping farther.

第一步：由roots of plants找定位句，這邊出現了vadose zone，是個地帶的名詞，所以我假設他是考地點不同的推理題，所以開始找他們能夠對應的東西，定位句前面有The當然往前看， Water in the vadose zone drains down to the water table, the water table 就是主角二了

第二步：vadose zone，供水給root

第三步：VZ & WT 兩者不同地方，所以答案就是(C)了

這題屬於雙重推理，題目只留一個支點(root)，然後由這個點去找兩個主角要對比的東西，以及他們的內容

The clock was the greatest achievement of medieval mechanical ingenuity. Its general accuracy could be checked against easily observed phenomena, like the rising and setting of the sun. The result was relentless pressure to improve technique and design. At every stage, clockmakers led the way to accuracy and precision; they became masters of miniaturization, detectors and correctors of error, searchers for new and better. They were thus the pioneers of mechanical engineering and served as examples and teachers to other branches of engineering.

@ It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that medieval clockmakers

A. were able to continually make improvements in the accuracy of mechanical clocks

B. were sometimes not well respected by other engineers

C. sometimes made claims about the accuracy of mechanical clocks that were not true

D. rarely shared their expertise with other engineers

第一步：找定位句，發現 At every stage，然後再回去看題目有medieval，表示這題又考集合概念了

第二步：所以看At every stage，就是在每個階段的意思，納題目問medieval只是其中之一，所以medieval在這個大集合中，因此只要呂色部分定位句有的東西，選項有就是答案了，選(A)

以上自己整理出來的內容希望能幫上忙，喜歡，或是不喜歡還是有錯誤，歡迎留言指教，謝謝!! 

有興趣研究進階推理題的話：TOEFL-Reading | TPO17-3 The chief problem was technological: How were the Europeans to reach the East?