熱血背包客莊ㄟ

Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root. Despite these difficulties, there has been important new work that suggests that this symbiotic association can be harnessed to achieve more economical use of costly superphosphate fertilizer and to permit better exploitation of cheaper, less soluble rock phosphate. Mycorrhizal benefits are not limited to improved phosphate uptake in host plants. In legumes, Mycorrhizal inoculation has increased nitrogen fixation beyond levels achieved by adding phosphate fertilizer alone. Certain symbiotic associations also increase the host plant‘s resistance to harmful root fungi.

1. Which of the following most accurately describes the passage?

(A) A description of a replicable experiment

(B) A summary report of new findings

(C) A recommendation for abandoning a difficult area of research

(D) A refutation of an earlier hypothesis

(E) A confirmation of earlier research

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

2. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following has NOT been a factor influencing the extent to which research on mycorrhizal fungi has progressed?

(A) Lack of a method for identifying mycorrhizal fungi

(B) Difficulties surrounding laboratory production of specimens for study

(C) Difficulties ensuing from the high cost and scarcity of superphosphate fertilizers

結構分析：

來看看第一句寫啥，好知道文章方向及寫作方式

Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons.

這句話給了一組並列，加上兩個轉折字眼，所以表達ＭＦ會感染植物，然後ＭＦ對很多植物來說ＭＦ又必須，接著轉折來了，不想（廣泛）調查，後面until現別看，看這『但是』的這個轉折之後，請注意文章內容的重點在此，俗話說的好『everything before the word, BUT, is bullshit』，所以本篇文章不是要探討ＭＦ對植物的影響，反倒是在說你爸『為何不想查清楚』ＭＦ對植物的影響這件事，後面是時間轉折詞，表示以前沒有這兩個理由所以不調查，但是現在有了兩個理由，老子總算想查清楚了。句尾出現 two reasons.接著看下一句是First....哈哈，請跳過別看，因為就是要來講這兩個理由到底是啥？文章如果沒有考他，那看這兩個理由不就浪費時間了，先跳過！！

眼球直接定位到了 Despite these difficulties, there has been important new work that suggests that this symbiotic association can be harnessed to achieve more economical use of costly superphosphate fertilizer and to permit better exploitation of cheaper, less soluble rock phosphate.哇這句好長啊，那再來慢慢微分吧，首先：

Despite these difficulties，儘管有難題，這裡是復數代名詞，想必就是那兩個理由了吧，所以前面的兩句話First...../ Second......已經被作者等價成difficulties了，再來前面講很難，轉折後看主幹內容一定會有那種雨過天晴的爽感， there has been important new work，儘管困難，但是有重要的新成果，所以主幹講到了重要的新成果，後面that帶出的關係代名詞就別看了，充其量只是在修飾我的new work，怕讀了會亂掉，所以這類關係代名詞亂我主幹者，必～殺～之。（＠＠腦海突然想到左近寺），好的拉回來文章，接下來往下就不用看了，因為剛剛第一句話的『但是』已經把文章的主角轉成『為何不想查清楚』，所以你看到 Mycorrhizal benefits are not limited.....跟調不調查沒啥關係這就別看了，都是再繼續說明細節，不管他是支持還是反對等等題目有遇到再說，往下面在一句話 Certain symbiotic associations also....這個『也是』就是個上一句並列的啊，既然上一句已經被診斷是細節了，那這句話更沒必要看。

事前工作準備好就開工了

第一題：

問到文章結構，就是這張圖了，有調查，有新工作，那就秒殺選（Ｂ）

第二題：

問到不是影響ＭＦ調查進度的因素，那只要找選項不是在講剛剛跳過的First...../ Second......就好了，這意味著這題難賺，不想還是得要看

First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected.

就算被感染了，ＳＡ是如此具有良好平衡以至於植物的根不危害

Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.

在無活根的地方不能養成

(A) Lack of a method for identifying mycorrhizal fungi，選了啊，沒看到我幹嘛要辨識ＭＦ啊，都已經在討論ＭＦ對植物的影響了，這表示早就已經知道ＭＦ那幹媽還要找辨識方法。

(B) Difficulties surrounding laboratory production of specimens for study，選項翻譯：圍繞著實驗的難題，這題我是這麼想的，以下是一堆數學等式，從第一句開始提到了for two reasons，然後後面兩句話接著First...../ Second......，在接下一句these difficulties，所以two reasons＝First...../ Second.＝these difficulties，然後等價到第一句話 but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for these difficulties，然後investigation＝study，文章第一句翻譯：因為不做廣泛的研究直到最近才有，是因為有兩個難題，第一就是共生關係好到足以讓就算被密集感染ＭＦ的植物根部依舊金剛不壞，第二就是無活根的地方不能養成，這是依照結構上來解答的，就語意來說要把difficulties翻譯成難題，所以這樣馬上把理由一跟理由二變成問題了，想要研究為何會有共生現象，以及為什麼一定是活體侵入。然後這兩個難題就是我現在開始廣泛研究的理由，不放心還可以驗算，從這裡開始there has been important new work that suggests that this symbiotic association can be harnessed to achieve more economical use of costly superphosphate fertilizer and to permit better exploitation of cheaper, less soluble rock phosphate.如此研究就是會有新成果，而這個新成果就是用共生關係取代肥料的使用，以及肥料減量。

(C) Difficulties ensuing from the high cost and scarcity of superphosphate fertilizers，這個就文章結構來說選項中的the high cost and scarcity of superphosphate fertilizers這些內容是修飾new work用的，他跟那兩個理由毫無關係，當然就不是理由了，所以要選。理由二：直接翻譯，即將從高價又稀少的肥料而來的難題，這個難題明明就是對應First...../ Second......所以真的不是他。

選（A）（Ｃ）

以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家，有誤再請指教!!