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GRE,GMAT,SAT經典長難句(41/50)

Although iridium is extremely rare on the Earth’s surface, the lower regions of the Earth’s mantle have roughly the same composition as meteorites and contain large amounts of iridium, which in the case of a diapir eruption would probably be emitted as iridium hexafluoride, a gas that would disperse more uniformly in the atmosphere than iridium-containing matter thrown out from a meteorite impact. 

 

資料來源:GRE考古題

 


解析:

第一:

看到although就表示整個句子句內取反although子句裡出現rare超級明顯提示,所以他的主要子句一定是要說明打槍rare的這件事,可能是要講地球表面不rare,又或是雖然地球表面很少,但是地球某個地方很多。因此整句話的邏輯其實也就預判好了,整句話絕對是rare的取反。

 

第二:

我們看到了the lower regions of the Earth’s mantle have roughly the same composition as meteorites and contain large amounts of iridium,這句話中間有個and做平行結構,主詞是the lower regions of the Earth’s mantle,直接簡稱地幔好了,所以邏輯線也就完整了,地慢contain large amounts of iridium有很多依元素,那平行結構講的另外一件事情是 have roughly the same composition as meteorites,將隕石拿出來做對比same... as… ,對比結論是相同,所以又可以得知地幔的銥元素和隕石上的一樣多。

 

第三:

前面沒什麼文法變化,後面來了個 , which關係代名詞非限定用法。先簡化不要看in the case of a diapir eruption這裡只是表示在某情形下,而且中間diapir這字很容易造成糾結,, which would probably be emitted as iridium hexafluoride,用文意上看是屬於同位語修飾large amounts of iridium,這裡要把which當作『而這麼多的銥都是』來翻譯,因為非限定用法其中就是在當做說明解釋前面的東西,他打上『逗號』就是要講我現在which所引導的關係代名詞子句是整個前面那句話的補充,所以要把先行詞和不完整子句間視為『等於』。這和沒逗點是不一樣的結果,沒逗點表示集合概念,會被理解成在這麼多的銥元素中,其中有些是以銥的氟化物被噴射出來的,這意味著你發現銥的方式,而我今天要講的是被射出來的這種,但是很顯然文章在講的是這麼多大量的銥都是被射出來的。

 

第四:

同位語,iridium hexafluoride, a gas that would disperse more uniformly in the atmosphere than iridium-containing matter thrown out from a meteorite impact. 當中還有很多關係代名詞限定用法,但是先來看同位語的部分, a gas,其實就是補充前方的銥氟化物是氣體,然後也可以把她當成 “, ”which is a gas去想。往後看that出來後方加上不完整子句,所以很明顯是個關係代名詞that=which,然後that和先行詞間沒有逗點,所以是限定用法翻譯做:會更均勻地分散在大氣中的氣體。往後看又來個比較級more uniformly in the atmosphere than iridium-containing matter,說明大氣層均勻分布的比本身含有銥的物質分散得更為均勻,這裡比較級比較注意的地方是比較對象的型態是要一致的,名詞對名詞,形容詞對形容詞等等,所以這句話than後面省了in這個小介系詞,我是比較喜歡補上『in』,因為這樣比較能確保自己在寫作文的時候清楚知道誰跟誰在做比較。最後再來個關係代名詞限定用法做收尾, iridium-containing matter thrown out from a meteorite impact.從隕石撞擊衝出來的含銥物質。iridium-containing 這是複合形容詞,後面加上ing可以理解成主動的意思,那其實也可以想成關係代名詞限定用法的延伸,看好囉,a matter which contain iridium, which省略,動詞成動名詞containing,變成a matter containing iridium,然後containing iridium這是關係帶名詞啊,所以當形容詞用,翻譯不見變成『包含銥的』物質,那這樣在英文裡是後制定語當作修飾詞,跟中文翻譯相反,所以動個手腳,將containing iridium顛倒後中間加上破折號,並且放到先行詞前方,哇magic,我學會怎麼用複合形容詞了,如果被動就可以Ved去推論,當然複合形容詞還有很多拉這只是其中冰山一角的用法而已。

 

補充:【每日一英文筆記】關係代名詞限定用法VS.非限定用法-『逗號』的差異

 

邏輯:

前面介紹過了是地幔含銥量很多,之後的which in the case of a diapir eruption would probably be emitted as iridium hexafluoride, a gas that would disperse more uniformly in the atmosphere than iridium-containing matter thrown out from a meteorite impact. 在來細看有哪些補充線索,首現probably be emitted as iridium hexafluoride,那組合起來就是銥很多,然後是用iridium hexafluoride存在,那他的屬性是a gas,那這個氣體是uniformly in the atmosphere在大氣中均勻分散,好的如果還要更詳細在把meteorite impact加進來。

 

翻譯:

Although iridium is extremely rare on the Earth’s surface, the lower regions of the Earth’s mantle have roughly the same composition as meteorites and contain large amounts of iridium, which in the case of a diapir eruption would probably be emitted as iridium hexafluoride, a gas that would disperse more uniformly in the atmosphere than iridium-containing matter thrown out from a meteorite impact. 

雖然銥在地球表面極為少見,但是地幔的底層區域發現有大致上和隕石所含有成分相同的物質,並且地幔也富含大量銥元素,這個銥元素是在刺穿爆發的地質作用下可能以銥氟化物的氣體方式噴發出來,而這個噴發出來的氣體會比隕石撞擊衝出來的含銥物質更加均勻的散佈在大氣層中

 

單字:

diapir 來自法文,to pierce through,刺穿

diapir eruption他是一個地質名詞,大致上就是講說在地底下,較軟嫩或是易變形的物質他們會被地底的地底運動(斷層帶附近)擠壓到碎石區。

uniformly (adv.) 一致地=consistently / evenly / constantly / regularly 

Extremely (adv.) 極端地=acutely / intensely / highly / extraordinarily / strikingly 

 

 

 

以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家,有誤再請指教!!


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