熱血背包客莊ㄟ

GRE,GMAT,SAT經典長難句(36/50)

Because the potential hazard pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three order of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollenated by insects. 

資料來源：GRE考古題

解析：這句話太亂張無序了被插入句亂插，所以要先還原順序才比較可以一看就懂，以先找邏輯關鍵才和標點符號為主

還原：Because the potential hazard pollen grains are subject to are enormous, as they are transported over long distances, in the view above, wind pollinated plants have compensated for ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three order of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollenated by insects. 

第一：

Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to are enormous,

Because為連接詞， Because所引導的子句只是用來表示條件或是一個狀況的補充而已所以我會暫時把他放一邊，他不是主要子句，但他在邏輯上和主要子句為因果關係，接下來要找名詞來當此句的主詞，有兩個  第一：hazards 第二：pollen grains，那兩個名詞在are enormous前面，中間一定有問題，所以推論中間一定有東西被省略 pollen grains are subject to 是 potential hazards 關係代名詞限定用法當形容詞用省略了【that】，當然也可說是【which】，所以就翻譯成：花粉粒容易受到的，其中【的】就是【which】的含意，因為形容詞~~~

翻譯：因為潛在危機很大

第二：

 as they are transported over long distances

 as也是連接詞，引導的也是一個條件式的子句，翻譯：當他們遠距離傳播時，這裡的they代名詞要往前找對應個名詞，可以找到pollen grains，這句話是埋葬句型，將不重要而必要的資訊夾在句子

重點一＋二 組合起來的意思：因為當他們遠距離傳播時花粉粒受到的潛在危機很大

第三：接下來就是主要子句了

, in the view above,又是一個埋葬句，我覺得根本不需要存在，the view的the 定冠詞，所以有the出現的話一定會有被指定的東西，那這邊因為後面above出現，所以往前看所以the view可以推論成Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous的整個事情，或是文章更前面的觀點，所以跳過不理他

第四：wind pollinated plants have compensated，接下來者名詞看誰會是整句話的主詞，看來看去剩下 plants，其中 wind 和 pollinated 合併成形容詞了，所以就變成修飾 plants，而 have是完成式的助動詞表時態的差異 ，翻譯：風力授粉的植物已經彌補

第五：for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance：透過隨機事件發生後造成接下來花粉的損失 

第六：by virtue of 這個直接看才by也可以，virtue此時已經被翻譯成『方法』了，所以又是一個隱性的因果關係

第七：producing an amount of pollen由動名詞引導的名詞片語，當作名詞用，在這裡是因為by virtue of 是介系詞後面必須卡名詞的緣故

第八：

an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects. 裏頭藏了三個關係代名詞限定用法，分別是

＠：that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount

＠：produced by species

＠：pollinated by insects

所以這裡就慢慢播洋蔥就好，以下做還原的說明

producing an amount of pollen( and the pollen→which ) is one to three orders of magnitude (and the magnitude→which is然後Be動詞無意義再刪) greater than the amount（ and the amount is →which is）然後Be動詞無意義再刪  produced by species and the species are →which are然後Be動詞無意義再刪 pollinated by insects. 

第九：orders of magnitude 十的某某次方，EX:  the order of magnitude of 1200 is 3, because 1200 = 1.2 × 103

邏輯：

Because the potential hazard pollen grains are subject to（關代） as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, （插入句）compensated for ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance（介系詞片語） by（不能刪因為他是表因果關係） virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three order of magnitude（關代） greater than the amount（比較級為前後相反不用看） produced by species pollenated by insects.（兩個關代） 

將關係代名詞全都忽略，介系詞片語也是，只留下具有邏輯性的詞語所帶出的句子或片語，所以刪完之後剩下

＠：Because the potential hazard are enormous

＠：as they are transported over long distances

＠：wind pollinated plants compensated

＠：by producing an amount of pollen greater

所以總結就是，因為有危險，當長距離傳播時，所以風傳植物會生出大量的花粉，大過某某某就不理他了，有時間再看

翻譯：

Because the potential hazard pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three order of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollenated by insects. 

因為當他們遠距離傳播時花粉粒受到的潛在危機很大，由以上論點可以知道，風力授粉的植物因隨機事件接續造成花粉的損失，所以會藉由產生一堆數量大過於那堆由昆蟲授粉的植物產生的花粉數量，這數量介於十的一到三次方倍的花粉粒子數來彌補其損失

單字：

hazard(n.) 危機 = peril / risk / threat 

haphazard (adj.) 任意的＝random / helter-skelter / aimless / arbitrary / desultory / erratic / casual / slapdash 

methodical (adj.) 有條理的 ＝ systematic / orderly / organized / meticulous / businesslike

happenstance (n.) 偶發事件 ＝coincidence

magnitude (n.) 量級 ＝ degree / weight 

insect (n.) 昆蟲，小心如果拼成inCest (n.)這叫亂倫

以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家，有誤再請指教!!