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GRE,GMAT,SAT經典長難句(20/50)

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; The mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.

資料來源：official guide for GMAT

解析：

第一：

For instance。舉例的出現代表前方一定有對應他的論點，而這個論點一定是『正面支持的』，絕對不是反對，總不可能去說金城武很帥，然後舉例舉個金城武在伯朗大道騎腳踏車當自耕農（犁田，又或是摔車）的照片出來舉例吧。

而這種句子很愛考在所謂的修辭目的題上面，就是作者寫這句話的用意是想幹嘛，所以這句話不太需要精讀，掌握好主幹，相對重點的名詞，然後再往前去找呼應這個舉例的論點就可以解題了，重點是在於論點，不在於這個舉例上

第二：, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, 

這句話用兩逗點隔開是個插入語的形式，表示它的存在必要但是不重要，因此往往塞到主詞後方偷偷躲在列子裡面。其實這句要把句首也是OK低，表示一個條件情況下的說明

第三：『; 』分號的重要性

分號在整個句子當中就是等號的意思，作為前一句話的補充說明，甚至有因果關係的成份在。至於他的存在就是因為當『前後兩個完整句』，彼此是相關聯的，而作者又不想用連接詞把他們兩個串連。而又怕如果兩完整句間『用句號沒辦法達成文章一氣呵成的效果』，才會使用分號讓兩句子連貫的。

因為句點就好像楚河漢界一樣，彼此兩國不相交，不同關係。句點在文法中有極高的地位，在語義上會有切斷的感覺，前後可以講不同的兩件事，有他的話可以斷絕前後兩句話的文法串連，視為一個完整句的重新開始。

第四：代名詞

The mill  (textile-mill)  owners  (entrepreneurs)  thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities (repetitive chores) they  (entrepreneurs)  presumed to have been the purview of women.

第五：imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with he homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.

原本的句子應該是import A into B但是這裡他直接改成import into B A的結構，這是賓語倒裝的結構，原因是hoary stereotypes associated with he homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. 這句話太長了，那如何判斷是否需要用倒裝，這裡可以用名詞hoary stereotypes為基準，名詞後面跟著一個關係代名詞限定用法的省略用法當作形容詞子句修飾前方的刻板印象（ associated with he homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.），所以說後面有多出外掛才要用倒裝，而stereotypes 前方的形容詞是正常修飾語法adj. + N.，沒倒裝需要，所以他不是看字數長短去規定是否倒裝而是看主要的名詞（賓語）是否後面還有東西，舉凡關係代名詞，介系詞，分詞都是會被當成倒裝處理。

第六：剛剛的關係代名詞限定用法的還原，其實裡面還有藏一個同樣用法的關代

hoary stereotypes which were associated with he homemaking activities that they presumed to have been the purview of women.這一大串都是在把前面的主詞限定在某個範圍中，例如說，stereotypes的範圍被限定在有關於家事上面（associated with he homemaking activities），然後activities這個家事被限定在他們假設女子的天職（hey presumed to have been the purview of women.）

翻譯：

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; The mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.

例如啊，在雇用女性臨時工時，紡織業者會很自信的假設，本質上女性在細節處理很到位，以及具備耐心完成重複繁瑣的事; 也就是說紡織業者理所當然得認為家事是女性天職，因此這種老舊刻板印象隨著他們業主帶入到這個紡織新產業的規則中

邏輯：

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; The mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.

thus 表因果，然後介系詞後面的東西，還有關係代名詞子句刪除，若發現文意不清在針對那個文意不清的『名詞』附近的修飾詞給加回去補上

老闆僱用女性，因為他們拿手; 因此把老觀念置入新產業

單字：

justify (v.) 證明...為正當= validate / rationalize / legitimize / substantiate / warrant 

wage labor 臨時工：因為wage是領週薪的意思，而且是靠勞力換來的，所以姑且翻譯成臨時工

Child labor 童工

Sweatshop (or sweat factory) 血汗工廠

By nature 本質上

Carry out 實現，執行，完成

Purview (n) 範圍 = range / field / scope / ambit / sphere / spectrum / extent 

以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家，有誤再請指教!!