拿到考題前先進行各段主題句的筆記：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
P1: 2 type of deer很多，黑VS.白
Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet.
P2: 吃草不挑食
The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country.
P3: 數量多變，因為EU人
Reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times.
P4: 獵物少，生存難
The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions.
P5: 數量回升和人有關
推測：本文有黑白兩鹿，數量變化和人有關，獵物↓，鹿↓，人活動→鹿↑
1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
ANS:
定位詞找到white-tailed deer,然後看完整句話
The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country，was跟earlier times可以說明以前怎樣，但是具有可是現在不一樣的含義，因為是用過去式，所以可以如此推側，至於驗證可以透過分號後方的句子得到
2.It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditions
A. cause some deer to hibernate
B. make food unavailable in the highlands for deer
C. make it easier for deer to locate understory plants
D. prevent deer from migrating during the winter
ANS:
關鍵字是winter conditions，就推理題來說會有跟他類似屬性的東西，所以目標瞄準有春夏秋冬，或是有“season”字樣的句子，
What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? 但是這裡只提到季節就結束了，並沒有做個季節的區別，推理題考的就是給Ａ的訊息去回答出Ｂ來，所以這句指示前導，說鹿怎麼活下來的在seasons of plant decay and dormancy？所以只能再往下看。
One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. 這裡看完之後還是沒有出現差別，但是還很好心地給出了migrate。這關鍵字，所以等等可能可以期待下一句話再說夏天住哪邊，然後冬天住哪邊。
Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall.看這裡訊息細節終於出現了，夏天在高地避暑，在避暑山莊打高爾夫，秋末在低地，所以就可以知道推理的方向是：鹿為了活下去→遷移→天氣熱在高地和天氣冷在低地。
所以(A),(D)都可以先刪除了，再來就要放大絕了，我這裡必須讀三句話才能找到差別性的內容，表示這一整個大段落都為了要分出這個區別在鋪梗，所以不廢話直接看剛剛所留下的的第二段筆記，『吃草不挑食』，所以是跟吃的有關，只有(B)可以選就因為找不到吃的所以才下山，道士下山在下何安下，如果是(C)推理成鹿很挑食。
3.The word "inhibits" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. consists of
B. combines
C. restricts
D. establishes
ANS:
Inhibit / restrict / limite / circumscribe ...限制
Inhibit / constrain / restrain / repress / suppress/ check / curb / bridle / temper …抑制
inhibit / prohibit / ban / interdict / outlaw / proscribe ...禁止
inhibit / hinder / deter / hamper / encumber / thwart…阻止
4.The phrase "in the same breath" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. impatiently
B. humorously
C. continuously
D. immediately
5.The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points?
A. The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.
B. Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in hunting game.
C. There was more game for hunting in the East of the United States than in the West.
D. Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading companies.
ANS:
看到in order to直接找因果關係，這是修辭目的題（rhetorical purpose）所以不要看Lewis and Clark的故事內容，題目只要是考文章出現這些屁是要幹嘛用的，既然是故事當然就是論證了，所以往前找論點答案就可以出來了，運氣很好的事剛剛看略讀文章時所做的筆記可以派上用場，因為要支持觀點的話就是找主題句所探討的內容即可，P3: 數量多變，因為EU人，所以找個數量有所變動的選項即可選（Ａ）
6.According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time David Douglas returned in 1832?
A. The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company.
B. Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.
C. Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.
D. Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased.
ANS:
關鍵字是how，changed，這考題會比較麻煩，因為change的含義就是要找出使用前和使用後的差異，所以可能要有心理準備去讀兩句以上的句子，沒有的話就表示賺到了，由此文章中找回去對應的句子感覺上我賺到了。David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.
既然這句話就有change所以就不用再麻煩看其他東西了，前面有一個形容詞叫做disturbing這個是負向字，令人不安的，所以回推選項看到(C),(D)有負向字destroyed跟decreased，但是(D)主詞是雜糧crop所以直接刪除，咱們這段在探討的是鹿的數量變化（主題句講的），所以唯一正解是（C）
補充：假設不放心可以對應到後面的這句 The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone ? 這球就像是變了心的女朋友一樣,回不來了!!!!! This ball is long gone just like the ex-girlfriend who will never return!!!!
7.Why does the author ask readers to recall "the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer"in the discussion of changes in the wilderness landscape?
A. To provide support for the idea that habitat destruction would lead to population decline
B. To compare how two species of deer caused biotic changes in the wilderness environment
C. To provide an example of a species of deer that has successfully adapted to human settlement
D. To argue that some deer species must be given a protected status
ANS:
老樣子修辭目的題（rhetorical purpose），這個反白句也是屬於論據的部分，因為提到了白尾鹿這種專有名詞，不過還是要確認一樣整句話Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status.由這句話的口氣來說是在講古，以前怎樣，但是現在變了，所以也是不要糾結如何翻譯這句話，將他當成論據，往前找論點，
因此看到No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. 這裡兩句中間沒有轉折字眼，所以是為順向邏輯，然後抓主幹：數量下降，所以（Ａ）就被秒選了
8.The phrase "indefinite period" in the passage is closest in meaning to period
A. whose end has not been determined
B. that does not begin when expected
C. that lasts only briefly
D. whose importance remains unknown
ANS:
indefinite未被定義的，白話一點就是不確定的，也只有(A)可以選，這個字就是櫻木花道的代名詞，湘北的不安定要素。
9.Which of the following statements about deer populations is supported by the information in paragraph 4?
A. Deer populations reached their highest point during the 1940s and then began to decline.
B. The activities of settlers contributed in unexpected ways to the growth of some deer populations in later times.
C. The cleaning of wilderness land for construction caused biotic changes from which the black-tailed deer population has never recovered.
D. Since the 1940s the winter populations of deer have fluctuated more than the summer populations have.
ANS:
完了這個關鍵字一定找不到，這個就要用文章結構分析了，第四段剛剛一開始做題之前所留下的筆記是P4: 獵物少，生存難，然後接這往下看之後是一連串的句子去做本段第一句主題句支持，但是但是我們看到了一半發現了轉折了But for the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect.意思就是黑尾鹿數量上升了，這裡說到了關鍵 opposite effect，這個苦海中的明燈，大概可以猜得出來是對應到unexpected，growth，『數量是減少的，但是也有例外』這樣的語氣，因此又是個秒選題（Ｂ）
10.The word "rebound" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. decline
B. recovery
C. exchange
D. movement
Rebound / bounce / recovery / recoil / repercussion
11.In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.
A. Arthur Einarsen`s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest helped him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.
B. Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.
C. Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important to find additional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.
D. According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.
ANS:
抓主幹時間：去修飾語，ving/ ved分詞構句, prep+N, 關係代名詞which....再來就是看看標點符號後面是否是完整句子，如果不是的話可能就是同位語之類的修飾詞，最來把『邏輯詞保留』就可以了，所以這句話刪到最後剩下
In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse（介系詞影導的就系詞片語）, like huckleberry and vine maple,（兩逗點間的不完整句就是同位語了，而且又是介系詞片語） Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest,（又是個同位語）found quality of browse in the open areas（這個介片先刪除如果選項有區別到是哪裡的草我們再補） to be substantially more nutritive.(to be 算是不定詞分類先保留)
這個又臭又長的句子再去骨去皮之後只剩下 Arthur Einarsen found quality of browse to be substantially more nutritive，more是邏輯比較詞，光是從比較級的邏輯來考慮也只有（Ｂ）可選，邏輯詞是不可能變的，例如說more nutritive不可能是the most nutritive，然後although A. B不等於Ａand B
12.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer populations?
A. A reduction in the number of predators
B. Restrictions on hunting
C. The effects of logging and fire
D. Laws that protected feeding grounds of deer
ANS:
Factor對應到該段第一句，也就是一開始做筆記的時候的那句話The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions.
P5: 數量回升和人有關，那這樣就有譜了，畢竟題目問這種不上道的否定題，再加上這句話後面是first開頭，表示這段是以一個條列是第一第二第三...的方式呈現，所以言下之意就是在比眼力刪除選項，所以先對答案選項簡單筆記再回去找文章內容會比較好。
(A) pdt↓
(B) XX hunting
(C) log & fire
(D) laws
First…的這句話對應到（Ａ）
Second…這句對應到（Ｂ）
至於but這句話只提到the fate of the forests並沒有展開，所以只能背雖的繼續往下看，看到這句Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, .....看到綠標的字了就表示的任務完成了，別再看了，選（Ｄ）
13. One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. (A) Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. (B) Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
(C) The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. (D) The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal.
插入句：*There food is available and accessible throughout the winter.*
ANS:
這裡沒有出現代名詞，所以只能找food，然後句尾the winter，同時要符合食物跟季節來講只有(A),(B)，可以考慮，(C)之後的內容已經轉到數量變化了，所以再依照時間排列千講到夏天之後是秋天再來後面是下雪，所以選（Ｂ）
14. 文章小結
前導句：*Deer in the Puget Sound area eat a wide variety of foods and migrate seasonally to find food.*
ANS:
A. The balance of deer species in the Puget Sound region has changed over time, with the Columbian white-tailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer.
看到balance被冷死，就可以刪除不繼續看了，因為這樣會牴觸第三段主題句The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country.而且跟剛剛第七題和第九題完全牴觸。
B. Deer populations naturally fluctuate, but early settlers in the Puget Sound environment caused an overall decline in the deer populations of the areas at that time.
完全在講第三段的主題句！！必選
C. In the long term, black-tailed deer in the Puget Sound area have benefitted from human activities through the elimination of their natural predators, and more and better food in deforested areas.
回應第九題，第十一題跟第十二題
D. Because Puget Sound deer migrate, it was and still remains difficult to determine accurately how many deer are living at any one time in the western United States.
這個可以秒殺，因為本文不在探討多少隻鹿住海景第一排還是住在玉帶環腰鴻禧山莊，本文重點跟migrate和number扯一起的內容應該是第二段要跟『吃』有關
E. Although it was believed that human settlement of the American West would cause the total number of deer to decrease permanently, the opposite has occurred for certain types of deer.
第五段主題句：The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions.
F. Wildlife biologists have long been concerned that the loss of forests may create nutritional deficiencies for deer.
已經選到三個了就別讀了，但也可以由biologists生物學家說怎樣怎樣來刪除，因為子篇文章是以作者對於鹿在數量上的變化做申論，所以文章不會把別人講的話當作文章主旨，除非除非文章是以各學派之間爭論來形成文章，也就是，第一段說Ａ學派認為鹿的數量不變，第二段說：Ｂ學派認為數量是一直增加的，第三段：Ｃ學派認為減少，第四段...這樣一直爭論下去的文章才『有機會』將某某某說怎樣怎樣當作文章主旨，又或是在講歷史才會需要用到，子曰：『....』
理由二：have long been concerned這個後面接的內容是the loss of forests，可是在一開始做文章筆記的時候根本沒出現在關心這個，反倒是一直關心『數量』
選（Ｂ）（Ｃ）（Ｅ）
以下標紅字是整篇需要用到的內容：332 / 710
總閱讀字數比為46.8%
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet. Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone ?in 1832?, hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.”
Reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times. A worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land, logging, burning, and clearing, eventually replacing a wilderness landscape with roads, cities, towns, and factories. No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. But for the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect. Wildlife zoologist Helmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that "since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period.”
The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deer-wolves, cougar, and lynx-have been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the fate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer. In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. The protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for example, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings.
結論：配合兩分鐘內把各段主題句筆記先做好，然後配合題目去對文章，大概只要讀一半的文章就可以做完題目了，總做題時間如果腦子清晰的話一篇十五分鐘是沒問題的，管他考什麼，重點還是在結構上的分析
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