熱血背包客莊ㄟ

While chocolate was highly esteemed in Mesoamerica, where it originated, its adoption in Europe was initially slow. There is a common belief that Europeans needed to “transform" chocolate to make it appetizing. However, while Spaniards did put sugar, which was unknown to indigenous Americans, into chocolate beverages, this additive was not completely innovative. Mesoamericans were already sweetening chocolate with honey, and the step from honey to sugar—increasingly more available than honey because of expanding sugar plantations in the Americas—is a small one. Likewise, although Spaniards adjusted Mesoamerican recipes by using European spices, the spices chosen suggest an attempt to replicate harder-to-find native flowers. There is no indication the Spaniards deliberately tried to change the original flavor of chocolate.

1.The author of the passage refers to the use of honey primarily to 

1. identify the origins of an additive previously untried by Europeans
2. present an example of a product that was unknown to Europeans
3. correct the misapprehension that Mesoamericans used a sweetener that was not available in Europe
4. provide an example of an ingredient that was in the process of being displaced by a substitute
5. explain why the Spanish use of sugar in chocolate was not a sign of a need to transform chocolate

2.Which sentence presents a misconception that the passage challenges? 

1. The second (“There is . . . . appetizing”)
2. The third (“However . . . . innovative”)
3. The fourth (“Mesoamericans . . . . one”)
4. The fifth (“Likewise . . . . flowers”)
5. The sixth (“There is . . . . chocolate”)

文章結構：

首先抓住文章的關鍵字，這關鍵字指的是可以讓邏輯翻轉的字樣，所以當中看到了

1. while A, B這句型表示句內轉折，重點放在Ｂ
2. However這個表示楚河漢界，前面所說的一切都跟接下來的相反，（其實這個相反不是真的相反，他就是一個分隊概念，前面一組，however後面一組，但因為不知道怎麼講所以就姑且粗略講相反，）這邊再說仔細一點，所謂的跟接下來都相反是指在however出現之後的每一句話一直到結尾中間沒有再出現任何像是however / but / yet / nevertheless這種能夠產生句間轉折詞，我們才能說however是楚河漢界，however以上全是一掛的，however以下全是反對以上的言論
3. likewise這個字出現表示可以偷懶等等再看，因為他是跟前面的一句話是同向邏輯的，他的出現表示遞進之類的，我們的目標在還沒看到題目之前，只要先看到邏輯架構即可，沒必要細讀。

第一題：這是典型的作者目的題，說白了就是找因果拉，問說為何會有use of honey 這個字出現，那不就是要問說他的原因嗎？所以現判斷關鍵字在哪，我們找到Mesoamericans were already sweetening chocolate with honey, and the step from honey to sugar—increasingly more available than honey because of expanding sugar plantations in the Americas—is a small one. 就是這句話講到蜂蜜，那看一下這是具體事件有中美洲（地名）蜂蜜（食物名）巧克力（食材名）這些都是很具體的交代，這麼一來請往上看前面那句話是當作概念說明來用的，所以他可以說是候選人之一，再來看到however, 這表示前後觀點相反，所以答案選取的方向也有可能是找跟用蜂蜜的這件事相反的事件，有了這些預判之後我們一個一個找

（Ａ）：文章架構是誰先開始在巧克力裡面加料的，所以不選，這個探討到蜂蜜從哪來

（Ｂ）：unknow沒有交代不要自行推理，他是用在補充說明西班牙人用的糖Ｍ人沒吃過

（Ｃ）：not available in Europe錯最離譜了，問的是誰先加料，結果跑去探討拿不拿得到

（Ｄ）：錯在這displaced by a substitute，兩者之間關係不是取代問題

（Ｅ）：was not a sign of a need to transform chocolate，這裡當中sign這個指標，這句話大概就是However前後的差異，西班牙人用糖調味，M人用蜂蜜調味，所以兩個都有動手腳，呼應However後面的this additive was not completely innovative.對應到答案的not a sign of a need，不是想改變味道就是剛剛however前後句的作用，但假設如果有時間的話其實最棒的方法是要在看完however前後句之後，立馬跳去看最後一句結尾，他說西班牙人不是故意要改味道的。但是因為這是在保證完全看得懂文章的情況下操作，大部分我是看不懂文章拉，所以都是用結構解題，不太在意真正內容在公殺小。

關鍵在於要先掌握文章的方向，不然會變成感覺起來每一個答案都對，這種題目是以細節去支持主旨的思維出手

第二題：however之後一路到底，一路覺得是中美洲人最先加料的，所以題目問反駁的句子，那就直接選however前面帶有觀點性的句子了所以是There is a common belief that Europeans needed to “transform” chocolate to make it appetizing.There is a common belief對決作者觀點

以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家，有誤再請指教!!