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GRE,GMAT,SAT經典長難句(46/50)

The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind.

 

資料來源:The Life of Reason, Reason in Society


解析:

第一:

consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty,內含有not A but B的句型,強調的是B,所以A是廢話不理會,consist in是詞組,因為consistVi.不及物動詞,當他後面介系詞是in時,他翻譯是『在於,存在於』,這樣感覺不太到位,所以調整一下,consist in=因為,這樣邏輯上就好多了,換言之他就是句內因果邏輯詞。

 

第二:

結合上面重點的not A but B還有,consist in,可以得到整組主幹在講人的自由不是因為原本的責任,而是因為某個能力。

 

第三:

the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them,這裡要假裝they have acquired不存在,比較好理解,因為they have acquired他是關係代名詞子句,限定用法去修飾faculty,說明我這個能力是學來的,不是天生的,所以他就是修飾這個能力的由來而已,它有沒有存在其實還好,我們刪除他,反而可以看的更加清楚,the faculty of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them,這樣就可以知道這個of+動名詞片語,介系詞片語的結構了,把of=about,就可以知道是『有關於捨棄任何細節的能力』,然後這個細節在來個關係代名詞限定用法的子句,去修飾detail,這個細節是可能使我們受傷沮喪的。

 

第四:

平行結構, and of imposing any new measure,這個平行結構在剛剛刪除they have acquired這個騙稿費的句型之後,就比較容易看到是跟of abolishing any detail這個平行。所以要說明的就是,這個能力是有關於第一:of abolishing any detail(不拘小節)。第二:of imposing any new measure(激發新創)

 

第五:

當然GRE是不會放過你的,of imposing any new measure,這個東西絕不會只有這樣,
後方一定還有拖油瓶(關係代名詞子句), which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind。這裡我們必須還原一下,當中有個插入句,必須先還原。應為, seen against the background of existing laws, which may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind。好的先說明第一個關係代名詞。

 

,seen against the background of existing laws。這裡再來個關係代名詞非限定用法。去修飾any new measure,多了逗點表示全部的新發法都是抵觸existing laws的。這裡還用上省略法省略『which is 』,翻譯:似乎是跟現存的法律背景有所衝突的任何一個新方法。這裡其實有點歧異句的現象,你也可以把這句話放到最後去讀,可是我覺得因為new measureexisting laws有強烈對比,所以我才會把它想成同位語用,而不是當作句尾來去做整句話的收尾。

 

ㄆ:, which may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind,其中先刪除from time to time,這個只是時間複詞=sometimes沒什麼存在價值,第一眼瞬間看到『逗點』直接本能性想到關係代名詞『非』限定用法,可以翻譯做『而前面的這件事+子句內容』,或者是為同位語當作『等號』看待。那本句實屬當『而前面的這件事+子句內容』看,首先開始找他的先行詞是蛇麼,應該是The people’s liberty consists in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure , seen against the background of existing laws,我先把不必要的刪掉,應該會是The people’s liberty consists in the faculty of abolishing any detail, and of imposing any new measure,然後再加上『, which may commend itself to their instinct and mind』,翻譯:人的自由啊是因為含有不拘小節,跟勇敢創新的能力啊,而這件事(而這樣的因果)可能是藉由這樣的因果本身三不五時來滿足人的直覺跟心智。而這剛好也是整個句子的邏輯。抓主幹的方式前幾篇都有詳細介紹過了,這裡就不多贅述。

 

邏輯:

不拘小節,跟勇敢創新→The people’s liberty→commend itself to their instinct and mind

 

翻譯:

The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind.

人的自由不在於故有的已存在責任,而只在於學會了有關於不拘小節不計較傷人的過往的能力,和似乎跟現存的法律背景有所衝突的這種勇敢創新的能力,三不五時還可以滿足人的直覺跟心智。

 

單字:

Commend to B把A推薦給B,把A交付給B,所以也可以逆向思考,B被A給滿足了,B被A填滿了。

Consist in 在於

Abolish (v.) 廢除=annul / revoke / abrogate / invalidate / repeal / nullify 

Validate (v.) 生效=enact / institute / legitimate / endorse / sanction  

faculty (n.) 本能,天賦,能力,全體教職

 

 

 

以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家,有誤再請指教!!


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