PIXNET Logo登入

熱血背包客莊 ㄟ

跳到主文

樂活人生~東張西望四處亂串,別被工作和課業給束縛了,放鬆一下!!!

部落格全站分類:生活綜合

  • 相簿
  • 部落格
  • 留言
  • 名片
  • 3月 25 週日 201802:05
  • 【GRE英文筆記】關係代名詞限定用法VS.非限定用法-『逗號』的差異




“ 關係代名詞限定用法VS.非限定用法-『逗號』的差異 ”


首先要來說明一下關係代名詞在幹媽的,其實就是修飾名詞用的,所以在文法定義上他會是形容詞子句要注意它是『不完整子句』,完整句一定是S+Vi 或是S+Vt+O的結構(當然長句子會有介詞結構等等,但這些都不是主要結構),但是為何關係代名詞引導的子句會是不完整句(結構當中缺S或是O就是不完整句),因為這個缺的名詞(S或是O)就是被前面的先行詞取代了,整個關係代名詞引導的形容詞子句去修飾前方的先行詞,另一種說法是關係代名詞which/ who ....,他們的含意就是and+先行詞,所以會產生不完整句就是其中不完整句的S或是O有一個被抓去和and合併被吃掉了,但這不是要探討的重點所以展開至此,大致了解關係代名詞請用不完整句就夠了。至於有時候在結構上會出現 先行詞+ 關係代名詞形容詞子句和先行詞+ 『,』關係代名詞形容詞子句,逗點就是關鍵了


這個『逗點』的出現語意會差很大,有逗點表示非限定用法,用數學集合概念來說她前面的先行詞『就是全部等於』後面的關係代名詞也就是先行詞=關代,沒有包含之意,兩者所界定的範圍一樣,先行詞多大,關係代名詞就多大,但是沒有逗點叫做限定用法,他的意思會變成前方的先行詞是整個大集合而後面的關係代名詞是大集合當中的小集合,也就是先行詞裡面的其中一組東西,而這組東西就是關代在講的東西,也可以說關代<先行詞。概念說完來說舉例。


My wife, who works in NewYork, came back to Taiwan.
(我在紐約工作的老婆回來台灣了!)這個很符合現代社會一夫一妻制,我老婆就這麼一個


My wife who works in NewYork came back to Taiwan.
(我有個在紐約工作的老婆回來台灣了!)這個就好笑了,你這驚嘆號是怕被抓包嗎,還是你是一夫多妻的古代員外,雖然我也很想拉,而且wife也沒加上”S”,不只生活觀念特別而且文法也錯了


最後再來補充一下:


second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it dose not reverse, the first part,這裡有一個插入語,我更正一下語序: second part as counterpoint that comments on the first part, if it dose not reverse 這不就說他是對立面但這個對立面並不包含完全顛倒,這樣明顯就有範圍限定了,這就是關係代名詞限定用法的奧義。


再來一句五合一的句子:


astronauts can set on a journey to the Moon, extracting helium-3, an element present with a large quantity on Moon while almost untraceable on Earth, as component of nuclear fusion reaction to produce power replacing energy from nuclear fission, creating environmentally friendly energy. (此句為小弟托福寫作練習的其中一句,如有不妥再請指點)


這句當中有分詞構句,同位語,連環修飾法,還有關係代名詞限定用法和非限定用法,五種


第一:


astronauts can set on a journey to the Moon, extracting helium-3屬於分詞構句的範疇:還原是astronauts can set on a journey to the Moon, and astronauts extract helium-3(主詞都是太空人省略,然後連接詞幹掉,最後剩下動詞extract改成extracting)


第二:


helium-3, an element present with a large quantity on Moon while almost untraceable on Earth逗點後面一直到on Earth屬於同位語補充說明helium-3是地球上沒有的而月球上一堆,然後中間present with a large quantity on Moon while almost untraceable on Earth此句就是關係代名詞的省略用法省略了which is 還原:which is present with a large quantity on Moon while which is almost untraceable on Earth (感覺present with a large quantity 這麼多字用ubiquitous就好了)這句限定用法就是表達集合就是文中element,他的範圍就是地球上沒有的而月球上一堆


第三:


as component of nuclear fusion reaction to produce power replacing energy from nuclear fission這個部分含有關係代名詞『限定用法』的成分replacing energy from nuclear fission就是這裡,這個也是把which省略了然後動詞改replacing,修飾前方的power,這個部分就是限定整個能源我只是想講核分裂的能源而已,把能源限定在核分裂範疇裡


第四:


as component of nuclear fusion reaction to produce power replacing energy from nuclear fission, creating environmentally friendly energy.其中, creating environmentally friendly energy.這個『逗點』後面到底,就是關係代名詞『非』限定用法的結構,而且我也把他省略了which,在這裡他的先行詞就會變成前面這整句話是他的先行詞,所以在翻譯上就會是:『而這件事情』創造了環境方面上友善的能源,沒錯which在這裡就是『而這件事情』。所以他就只是繼續補充前面的東西有什麼結果啊之類的,並沒有做範圍上的界定,因此『非』限定的含義就出來了


第五:


environmentally friendly energy這是一個adv+adj+n連環修飾法的結構,通常學術寫作很常用,維基百科也很常出現主要用意就是作者不想用一堆介系詞和關係代名詞做補充修飾,這個一般來說順順的寫或是用嘴巴表達可能會是the energy which is friendly to our environment.這樣兩者相比連環結構爽快直白多了。


 


雖然這句有點扯遠了,但是差異就是在與第二,第三和第四重點的限定VS.非限定


 




(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(0)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 3月 13 週二 201821:52
  • 【GRE英文筆記】GRE強詞單字彙整-負面詞彙



GRE在做填空的時候常常會找很明顯的對比字或是相同意義的字做考點

所以整理出可能會考的負面字詞供參考


放棄 Abandon / abjure / desert / forgo / forsake / renounce / relinquish / resign 


指責 censure / chide / rebuke / reproach / reprove / upbraid / scold / condemn / animadvert / impugn / denounce 


停 pause / halt / cease 


阻擋 deter / hamper / discourage / hinder / foil / forestall / circumvent / ban / proscribe / prohibit / inhibit / baffle  


移除 rid / remove / eliminate / eradicate / extirpate / exterminate / exclude / preclude / obviate 


逐出 extirpate / expel / repel / repulse / banish / deport / exile / oust / ostracize 


反駁 disprove / refute / retort / rebut / repudiate / contradict 


敵對 animus / animosity / enmity / antagonism / opponent / hostility 


逃避 evade / elude / shun / shirk / parry / ward off / avert / abscond / elope / flee


困惑 puzzle / perplex / baffle / confuse / confound / bewilder / nonplus 


忽略 neglect / ignore / omit / disregard / overlook / bypass 


抑制 suppress / repress / contain / constrain / limit / restriction / circumscribe / quell / quash / refrain / restrain / bridle / curb / check / contain / inhibit / mortify / temper 


反抗 resist / reject 


懷疑 doubt / skepticism / suspicion / distrust / dubiousness 


怨恨 spite / rancor / grudge / resentment 


缺少 scarcity / paucity / dearth / destitution 


破壞 destroy / devastate / raze / ravage / sabotage / havoc / annihilate / disrupt / debacle / demolish / wreck 


損害 undermine / impair / sap 


輕率 rash / hasty / flippant / headlong / imprudent / indiscreet / precipitant / precipitate 


憂鬱 saturnine / gloomy / dreary / somber / sullen / dismal / grave / lugubrious / melancholy / glum 


惡意 vicious / wicked / evil / devilish / sinister / sinful / malicious / malignant / maleficent 


沒用 useless / vain / futility / void / ineffective 


怪異 eccentric / odd / bizarre / eerie / erratic / grotesque / peculiar / quaint / queer / weird 


邪說 heterodox / heretic 


模糊 blurry / fuzzy / hazy / misty / foggy / equivocal / ambiguous / dim / vague / obscure / indistinct 


衰弱 enervated / debilitated / flaccid / flabby / invalid / effete / flagging 


弱化 weaken / dampen 


反抗 defy / defiance / contravene / 


否認 deny / gainsay 


貶低 debase /  downplay


藐視 contempt / defy / disobey / scorn 


贈恨 hatred / aversion / resentment 


騙 defraud / cheat / deceive / swindle / bamboozle / hoodwink / beguile / dupe / hoax 


失望 disappointing 


不願 reluctant 


不負責 irresponsible 


拋棄 sacrifice 


失敗 failure / fiasco 


缺點 flaw / foible / drawback / defect / demerit / weakness 


撤回 withdraw 


殘酷 cruel / truculent / relentless / ruthless 


易受影響 susceptible / vulnerable 


沒有 nonexistent 


反效果 counterproductive 


不切實 impractical / unrealistic / whimsical / quixotic 


扯淡 absurd / preposterous / ridiculous / ludicrous 


有害 noxious / inimical / pernicious / deleterious / detrimental 


平庸 banal / prosaic / bromidic / hackney / vapid / dull / flat / insipid / savorless / overwhelm 


輕率 imprudent / indiscreet / rash / reckless / precipitant 


無根據 groundless 


無關 irrelevant 


迷 enigma / conundrum / puzzle / mystery 


錯誤 erroneous / fallacious


誤解 misapprehension / misconception


後悔 penitent / repentant / remorse / contrition 


延誤 delay / defer / postpone 


不利 adverse / disadvantageous / unfavorable  


敗壞 vitiate / pervert / deprave / debauch / spoil / corrupt / degrade / degenerate 


 


推薦一個很好用的同義字網站:


http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/search?s=t


 


以上供大夥參考,內容並不齊全再自行延伸加減,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!




(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(0)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 3月 07 週三 201819:58
  • 【GRE英文筆記】Clearly the government faced a dilemma




clearly the government faced a dilemma: it could hardly _____ trials, especially in the absence of irrefutable evidence, but it also would not welcome, in the midst of war, the scandal that would arise if trials were avoided.



A.be keen on


B.be inclined to


C.arrange


D.dispense with


E.turn its back on


F.credit


 





來源:GRE考古題


 





解題方式:


dilemma表示有前後矛盾的意思所以待會注意轉折一定會出現,再來『:分號』是大重點這表示連接的兩個句子是同向邏輯的語意上表示解釋和說明,最後看到but表示轉折


分號是(=),but前後相反所以會多一個(-)表示邏輯相反


恆等式為 dilemma=hardly(-) _____ trials, absence(-) of irrefutable evidence=but(-)not(-) welcome,scandal(-) that would arise, trials were avoided(-).


整理一下hardly和absence負負得正抵銷,but(-)not(-)也負負得正抵銷,剩下  _____ trials, evidence(+)=(-) trials, scandal(-),所以空格要填(+)要歡迎審判



因此答案只有(A)(B)


 


單字:




be keen to / ne inclined to (v) 傾向



tendency (n)傾向= inclination / disposition / leaning / propensity / proclivity / penchant / predilection 


irrefutable / incontestable / indisoutable (adj) 不可反駁的



refute / rebut / contradict / retort / repudiate / disprove (v) 反駁

dilemma (n) 困境,左右為難=plight / predicament / guandary / impasse


翻譯:


很明顯政府現在遇到僵局:也就是說若在缺少關鍵性證據的情況下,可能不能招開審判,但是在戰爭發生的當下,政府也不樂見到看到相關醜聞持續爆料出來時在判決的處置是視而不見的情形


 


 


以上供大夥參考,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!



(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(3)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 3月 06 週二 201823:22
  • 【GRE英文筆記】GRE強詞單字彙整-正面詞彙



GRE在做填空的時候常常會找很明顯的對比字或是相同意義的字做考點

所以整理出可能會考的正面字詞供參考


堅定的 adamant / firm / stanch / staunch / steadfast 


精確的 accurate / exact / pinpoint / presice / rigorous / rigid 


支持 assent / consent / accede / acquiesce / sustain / support / proponent 


聲稱 allege / asseverate / assert / affirm / aver  


強調 emphasize / stress 


贊同 endorsement / sanction / approval 


讚揚commend / compliment / eulogize / extol / laud / praise / acclaim


優勢 advantage / edge / dominance / predominance / preponderance / ascendance 


證實 testify / attest / corroborate / substantiate / verify / authenticate / confirm 


確定 assure / certainty 


可靠的 reliable / credible / dependable / trustworthy  


成功 success / triumph 


豐富的 enrich / prolific / productive / fertile / fecund / fruitful / abundant / bountiful / copious / lavish / profuse / exuberant / luxuriant 


相當大 substantial / considerable / sizable 


有利的 auspicious / advantageous / favorable / profitable / propitious 


有效 efficacy / potency 


有益的 beneficial / conducive 


理解 comprehension / apprehension / understanding 


巨大的 immense / tremendous / colossal / enormous / formidable / gigantic / huge / massive / mammoth / prodigious / stupendous / titanic / vast / gargantuan 


前景 promising / prospective / farsighted / foresighted 


謹慎 cautious / circumspect / deliberate / discreet / heedful / prudent / meticulous / punctilious / scrupulous 


暗示 suggest / hint / implication / insinuation / innuendo 


迷戀 enamor / obsess / fascinate / enchant / captivate / enthrall 


著迷 taking / inviting / engrossing / riveting 


促進 facilitate / foster / prompt / promote / further / encourage / advance 


相信 believe / trust 


自信的 confident 


有說服力的 persuasive / convincing / compelling / cogent


傾向 tendency / inclination / proclivity / propensity / leaning / penchant / disposition  


可行的 viable / feasible 


必要的 essential / integral / imperative / necessary 


可用的 available 


有價值的 valuable 


強化 strengthen / enhance / reinforce / intensify / boost / fortify 


強壯的 robust / hardy / hale / hefty / lusty stalwart / sinewy 


突出的 protuberate / protrusive / protrudent / salient / prominent 


尊敬 esteem / respect / revere / venerate / adore / worship 


真誠 sincerity 


勤奮的 sedulous / arduous / assiduous / diligent / industrious / laborious / strenuous 


樂觀的 sanguine / rosy / promising / optimistic 


美味的 delicate / dainty / palatable / ambrosial / tasty / toothsome / luscious / delicious / yummy / savory 


高峰 peak / acme / apex / crest / heyday / meridian / pinnacle / prime / summit / zenith 


 


 


推薦一個很好用的同義字網站:


http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/search?s=t


 


以上供大夥參考,內容並不齊全再自行延伸加減,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!




(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(0)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 3月 06 週二 201800:13
  • 【GRE英文筆記】AMONG cultural critics who have spent any time considering the meaning of the circus

AMONG cultural critics who have spent any time considering the meaning of the circus, clowns are often considered bold anarchists of the theatrical arts. Champions of ill-fitting clothes, itinerants who don't dwell on price-to-rent ratios, clowns are enemies of impulse control, averse to agenda setting. They thrive on humiliation and find truth in naïveté. Clowns, it can be said, are that species of performer ontologically most at odds with all that is New York. 
對於在那些隨時都在花時間探索馬戲團奧義的文化名嘴眼中,小丑阿通常被視為劇場藝術勇敢的叛逆份子。以不修邊幅的穿著著稱,也是個連房租都不想付浪人,他們幫忙帶走觀眾暴怒情緒,討厭被當成媒體寵兒。他們在眾人嘲笑當中成長茁壯,在耍憨中找真相(別人笑我太瘋癲,我笑他人看不穿)。也就是說在所有紐約表演者當中,小丑本質上來說是非常奇葩的表演族群
(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(2)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 3月 04 週日 201815:08
  • 【GRE英文筆記】The recent publication of the painter Rober Motherwell's substantial body of writing



The recent publication of the painter Rober Motherwell's substantial body of writing, as well as writings by fellow Expressionist Barnett Newman, undermines Ann Gibson’s assertion that the Abstract Expressionists were reluctant to articulate issues of artistic meaning in their work and suggests that this supposed reticence was perhaps more artistic posturing than historical fact.


畫家蘿蔔媽媽樂的實體畫作以及同行抽象畫家巴內特紐曼的近期公開作品徹底打臉安吉伯森那個主張抽像畫家是不可能在他們作品中清晰表達藝術含義還有刻意營造的沈默也許更像是藝術故弄玄虛而非歷史事實的觀點

來源:GRE考古題



原題:


The recent publication of the painter Rober Motherwell’s substantial body of writing, as well as writings by fellow Expressionist Barnett Newman, (i) _____Ann Gibson’s assertion that the Abstract Expressionists were reluctant to (ii) ______ issues of artistic meaning in their work and suggests that this supposed reticence was perhaps more artistic (iii) _____than historical fact.

























Blank(i)Blank(ii)Blank(iii)

(A)substantiates



(D)forgo



(G)conscience



(B)undermines



(E)articulate



(H)focus


(C)overlooks

(F)conceal



(I)posturing



 


解題方式:


先由空格三下手,more artistic (iii) _____than historical fact,兩者做比較就是邏輯取反(iii) _____ VS. fact 所以選(I)posturing


接下來往前Ann Gibson’s assertion that the Abstract Expressionists were reluctant to (ii) ______ issues of artistic meaning in their work and suggests that this supposed reticence was perhaps more artistic (iii) _____than historical fact.這是被帶出來的名詞子句說明道理是怎麼樣的asscertion, 空格三解完之後看到and表示前後邏輯要相同,所以又可以搞出一個恆等式出來了這次是態度心情表達上的等式reluctant to (ii) ______=this supposed reticence他們關係就是不願不沈默對上沈默所以選(E)articulate


最後在往前看空格一,中間的插入語表示RM是跟Expressionist有關係然後RM又publication,去對上AG他覺得Expressionists were reluctant to articulate,所以可以知道等式是RM publication=(i) _____AGreluctant to articulate所以邏輯相反選(B)undermines


 


 


單字:




substantiate (v) 證實=confirm / attest / authenticate / verify / testify / corroborate 


undermine (v) 損害=sap / impair 


forgo (v) 放棄=forsake / abandon / abdicate / abjure / desert / jettsion / renounce / relinquish / waive 


articulate (v) 表達清晰=enunciate 


conscience (n) 良心


posturing (n) 假裝


assertion (n) 斷言,assert (v) 斷言= aver / argue / affirm / asseverate / maintain


reticence (n) 沈默,reicent (adj) 不發一語的=closemouthed / uncommunicative / silent / tacit / taciturn / tightlipped / reserved  


 


 


 


以上供大夥參考,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!



(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(2)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 2月 26 週一 201819:56
  • 【GRE英文筆記】Heinrich Feyermahn, in insisting that Galileo did not fully uphold the tenets of scientific rationalism



Heinrich Feyermahn, in insisting that Galileo did not fully uphold the tenets of scientific rationalism, does not exclusively implicate the Italian astronomer, but rather the very edifice of Western thought. For if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is found wanting, then the history of science cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases. Thus, Feyermahn admonishes, in faithfully chronicling the sweep of science in the last 300 years, historiographers would be remiss to not include the human foibles that were part of even the most ostensibly Apollonian endeavors.

HF堅持說伽利略不是一個完全遵守科學理性原則的人,HF不只是影射這個義大利天文學家,而且也在講整個西方思維都是如此。如果伽利略是傳說中的理性思維模範的話,但因為真正的伽利略被發現不是如此,那麼這方面科學的歷史就不能解讀伽利略是一個有關於科學家們排除人類偏見去做事的永久繼承者。因此HF綜觀近代科學300年史,他就譴責歷史學者忽略不去把人類的弱點也就是膚淺的理性給納入考量


來源:GRE考古題



原題:


Heinrich Feyermahn, in insisting that Galileo did not fully uphold the tenets of scientific rationalism, does not (i)_____ the Italian astronomer, but rather the very edifice of Western thought. For if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is (ii)_____, then the history of science cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases. Thus, Feyermahn admonishes, in faithfully chronicling the sweep of science in the last 300 years, historiographers would be (iii)_____ to not include the human foibles that were part of even the most ostensibly Apollonian endeavors.

























Blank(i)Blank(ii)Blank(iii)

(A)exclusively implicate



(D)found wanting



(G)prudent



(B)partially repudiate



(E)considered enlightened



(H)remiss


(C)fully espouse

(F)dismissed as inconsequential



(I)contrary



 


解題方式:


整個段落三句話,首先來判斷每句邏輯的預判,Heinrich Feyermahn, in insisting that Galileo did not fully uphold the tenets of scientific rationalism, does not (i)_____ the Italian astronomer, but rather the very edifice of Western thought.這句話當中有個同位語in insisting that Galileo did not fully uphold the tenets of scientific rationalism去說明HF是怎樣的一個人,既然同為語在文法當中做補充的所以邏輯不會變,所以同位語裡面的內容先抓主幹:G不是R(伽利略不理性),好的接下來往下走,那第二句開頭也沒有轉折,第三句也是,所以整段話句子間沒有轉換邏輯,所以都在講G不是R


第一句開始,看到有個結起來很順的段句does not ...but rather看文法結構but rather the very edifice of Western thought.這句話沒主詞也沒動詞,所以他的動詞一定是(i)_____,主詞HF,既然兩者是連動的中間有個but出現按邏輯來說連動的東西沒辦法取反邏輯,也只能靠前後名詞去做取反邏輯的動作the very edifice of Western thought,very=whole的意思回推答案也只剩下exclusively= only可以去跟very對比了,所以按照人物對比不同的關係選 (A)exclusively implicate


PS:定慣詞『THE』Italian astronomer,別小看『THE』她的出現表是前面這個人被提過,所以往前找人找到Galileo



第二句開頭和主要子句沒有轉折,所以要跟著第一句的邏輯順下來,For if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is (ii)_____, then the history of science cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases. 整理是考句間關係取反。if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is (ii)_____。前方又省略 Galileo,and yet取反所以空格二要和Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking取反,可是取反指是句間取反不能表示她就是最終的G不是R的含意,所以還要用後面的主要子句做判斷(E)有啟發性的,語意不同還是很正面的詞,刪除。(F)dismissed as inconsequential認為不合理而不考慮,負負得正又是正向的了,所以刪除,因此選(D)found wanting

最後一句話Thus開頭表是因果前後句子邏輯同向,這邊要往前去對應因為找到時間關鍵點,as an endless succession of scientists VS. the sweep of science in the last 300 years他們兩句所帶給我們的主幹cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases.這樣合起來就是人類不理性,下一句從thus,包含(iii)_____,整體應該也要表示人類不理性,所以historiographers would be (iii)_____ to not include the human foibles that were part of even the most ostensibly Apollonian endeavors.(這個是關係代名詞限定用法修飾前方的foibles,所以直接不理會) not 取負,the human foibles = all-too-human biases所以(iii)_____要取一個負的邏輯去跟not負負得正,才能使整句話邏輯保持,因此(G)prudent刪除,(I)contrary,雖然是負面字,但這樣會發現自己的臉超腫的,因為帶入之後整句話是Feyermahn admonishes, in faithfully chronicling the sweep of science in the last 300 years, historiographers would be contrary to not include the human foibles,整個翻譯會是綜觀近代科學300年史,HF譴責這些歷史學者反對不把人類不理性的層面納入考量,白話一點就是HF反對歷史學家說人類不理性,這跟開頭第一句的那個同位語完全相反阿,這不就啪啪啪打的臉皮青臉腫了,所以選(H)remiss

文法說明:

For if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is found wanting, then the history of science cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases.

這裡先拆分,if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is found wanting,if如果事當如果的話,那麼這兩個句子是要邏輯同向的,表示條件關係,可是中間卻塞一個and yet,這就表示邏輯有取反,所以IF一定是被動了手腳,後面省略了even,因此這句話就變成讓步句了,If even....,即使....

然後For....then...,這裡作者也算好心,幫忙多寫一個then讓讀者可以聯想到因果關係,因為是因果關係,所以For if Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking, and yet is found wanting, then the history of science cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases.兩句子邏輯同向,當中黃色區塊被刪掉的部分就不要看了,他是用來賺稿費的讓步句,真正的邏輯表達是她後面的and yet is found wanting,然後這裡and yet是跟剛剛讓步句做對應的,既然已經刪掉讓步句,他的存在也沒意義了,所以最終簡化的句子會是

Although Galileo is the purported exemplar of rational thinking,because Galileo is found wanting,the history of science cannot be understood as an endless succession of scientists carrying out their work free of all-too-human biases.

單字:


exclusively (adv)= only 

implicate (v) 暗示,牽拖


partially (adv) 部分地


repudiate (v) 否認


espouse (v) 支持


wanting (adj) 缺少的


enlightened (adj) 開明的,有啟發的


inconsequential (adj) 不合理的


dismiss (v) 撤離,不考慮


prudent (adj) 仔細的


remiss (adj) 大意,不小心的


tenets (n) 教條,原則


edifice (n) 大廈


purported (adj) 傳說中的,可能是真的


succession (n) 繼承,傳承


carrying out (v) 實施,實行,就是等於do(做)


admonishes (v) 告誡,責備 =reprimand


ostensibly (adv) 表面地,假地


foible (n) 缺點


faithfully (adv) 真誠地


chronicling (adj) 年代紀錄的,chronicle (n) 編年體,chronic(adj) 慢性的


endeavors (n) 努力


 


PS:



  • ostensibly Apollonian endeavors" means the most apparently rational endeavors. 

  • "the sweep of science in the last 300 years" means that the entirety of science over 300 years is being referred to. 


 


這一段我只會用刪去法去做題因為這題實在是有點噁心找不太到對應點,但我覺得應該還有更棒的方式,再請指教


以上供大夥參考,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!



(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(2)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 2月 24 週六 201802:27
  • 【GRE英文筆記】For all the _____ the new CEO has received from the press recently





For all the _____ the new CEO has received from the press recently, her staff have a decidedly less rosy view of her.



Aencomiums


Btributes


Cevaluations


Dcritiques


Eattention


Fpublicity







來源:GRE考古題







解題方式:




for all=despite ,掌管句內轉折


這樣就簡單了,這題難度就是for all,for all是轉折就可以解題了,兩句邏輯相反,建立恆等式 _____=(-1) less rosy,所以空格是正向邏輯,所以只有(A),(B)


單字:

encomiums (n) 讚美,讚頌

tribute (n) 敬意,供品

critiques (n) 批評,報紙社論

publicity (n) 公開宣揚

evaluations (n) 評估

attention (n) 注意

rosy (adj) 美好的

翻譯:


儘管近期新來的執行長已經從媒體得到讚賞,但是她的員工對她抱持極不太樂觀的態度


 


以上供大夥參考,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!



(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(0)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 2月 23 週五 201823:17
  • 【GRE英文筆記】No other contemporary poet’s work has such a well-earned reputation for near impenetrability



No other contemporary poet’s work has such a well-earned reputation for near impenetrability, and there are few whose moral vision is so imperiously unsparing. Of late, however, the almost belligerent demands of his severe and densely forbidding poetry have taken an improbable turn. This new collection is the poet’s fourth book in six years ——an ample output even for poets of sunny disposition, let alone for one of such penitential austerity over the previous 50 years. Yet for all his newfound volubility, his poetry is as thorny as ever

沒有其他當代詩人的作品跟他一樣可以有"天書"的稱號,也幾乎沒有人的道德標準是如此嚴謹不寬容的。然而後來他的嚴肅到幾乎快要打人的道德要求還有那有看沒有懂的詩集似乎有了出乎意料的改變。這個新的詩集是這個詩人六年內的第四本書了這對於性情樂觀的詩人來說是很大量的出版,更何況是一個過去五十年嚴以律己的人。但是儘管所有他的新作有很多的梗和內容,但詩的本質一如往常讀起來很有障礙。


來源:GRE考古題



原題:


No other contemporary poet’s work has such a well-earned reputation for (i)_____, and there are few whose moral vision is so imperiously unsparing. Of late, however, the almost belligerent demands of his severe and densely forbidding poetry have taken an improbable turn. This new collection is the poet’s fourth book in six years ——an ample output even for poets of sunny disposition, let alone for one of such (ii)_____over the previous 50 years. Yet for all his newfound (iii)_____, his poetry is as thorny as ever

























Blank(i)Blank(ii)Blank(iii)
(A)patent accessibility

(D)penitential austerity



(G)taciturnity


(B)intrinsic frivolity

(E)intractable prolixity



(H)volubility


(C)near impenetrability

(F)impetuous prodigality



(I)pellucidity



 


解題方式:


以下是建立在單字看得懂的情況,這篇的單字實在有夠噁心



首先No other contemporary poet’s work has such a well-earned reputation for (i)_____, and there are few whose moral vision is so imperiously unsparing.,找到這句邏輯詞and可知道兩邊句子邏輯同向,帶入看看(i)_____= imperiously unsparing,完了(A)明顯可接近(B)內在輕浮(C)近乎難以理解,找不到道德要求高的同義詞,所以這個and邏輯詞沒用,往下看,而且通常ETS的出題套路都會用這個and去帶出兩個內容和上下句的另外兩個內容去做對應,讓整體文章複雜化,所以這裡的and如果能夠找到道德要求高的同義詞,整個句子的意思會變成沒有人的文章能如此道德要求高而且這人的道德標準也很高,這樣帶出內容只有說這個人的人品跟作品一樣極為蠻橫道德要求高,這樣就小看GRE了


好在這裡有個Of late, however, the almost belligerent demands of his severe and densely forbidding poetry have taken an improbable turn.這個severe 剛好搭建了橋梁了因為他前面有個『THE』千萬別小看代名詞,這個東西可以讓你上天堂不讓你住套房,他就是對應上一句的so imperiously unsparing道德要求高,然後目標句往後看有個and densely forbidding poetry,poetry不就剛好對應上一句的poet’s work,所以整理一下這兩句之間的關係,poet’s work (i)_____,and so imperiously unsparing,然後等於下一句his severe and densely forbidding poetry,這樣對應完答案(C)near impenetrability就出來了,然後這個and 就是剛剛所說的ETS套路,兩兩相對你儂我儂,冷ㄟ修弄!!


到這裡先休息一下,腦子快燒起來了,那為何Of late, however, the almost belligerent demands of his severe and densely forbidding poetry have taken an improbable turn.當中的however,沒有用呢?因為這個however和turn 的邏輯關係兩兩負負得正銷掉了,所以整體句子的第一句和第二句邏輯上是同向的,所以直接去內容對應即可不用取反


往下第三句This new collection is the poet’s fourth book in six years ——an ample output even for poets of sunny disposition, let alone for one of such (ii)_____over the previous 50 years.好像也不知道他要幹嗎,這裡有個同位語結構『——an ample output....』這個基本上就是邏輯同向,這裡『——』把他改成which is 就好理解了,因為同位語就是從這類關係代名詞省略而來的,就是前面一句的內容the poet’s fourth book in six years為先行詞,所以補充這個量是很大的即使是性格陽光的人都很大,let alone for 更別說such(ii)_____,前面的such價值連城阿根本就是掛單沖等漲停,such是代名詞就是剛剛那個道德要求高很嚴格的人,那就可以選到(D)penitential austerity


Yet for all his newfound (iii)_____, his poetry is as thorny as ever,這句當中有Yet這個句間的轉折詞,所以前後兩個"主要句"邏輯取反,是主要句喔,而for all厲害了,他在這裡是轉折意思翻作"儘管",等於despite,掌管的是句內關係所以,先由句內關係開始解題,建立恆等式newfound (iii)_____=(-1)thorny(很艱澀難懂) as ever,所以選(I)清晰可見,一指點即茅塞頓開,哈哈!!這裡選(I)就完全上當了,因為這樣Yet沒有考慮到阿


所以我們把三四句抓起來義起看好了This new collection is the poet’s fourth book in six years ——an ample output even for poets of sunny disposition, let alone for one of such (ii)_____over the previous 50 years.Yet for all his newfound (iii)_____, his poetry is as thorny as ever ,可以發現剛剛那個"同位語"結構太重要了an ample很多很大的意思new collection=newfound,建立等式 an ample=(-1,yet) (-1, for all) (iii)_____負負得正 ,所以(iii)_____ 也要很多(H)volubility


所以這裡總結一下就是有個人他詩歌很難懂,他老大也把自己當苦行僧一樣,但後來改變了,儘管人好像變陽光了,六年出四本書,梗是取之不盡用之不完跟沈玉琳一樣,但是我還是看不懂他在寫什麼,所以只有性格大變


單字:


這篇超級變態

patent (adj) 明顯的

accessibility (n) 可接近

intrinsic (adj) 本質的

frivolity (n) 輕浮,不穩重

impenetrability (n) 不能滲透,難以理解

intractable (adj) 難以駕馭的,不聽話的

prolixity (n) 撈叨

penitential (adj) 後悔的,苦行的

austerity (n) 苦行,嚴厲

impetuous (adj) 魯莽的,衝動的

prodigality (n) 浪費,闊氣


taciturnity (n) 沉默寡言


volubility (n) 嘴砲,口落懸河


pellucidity (n) 晶瑩剔透 


imperiously (adv) 傲慢地,自大地


unsparing (adj) 大方的,嚴厲不留情的


belligerent (adj) 好鬥的


thorny (adj) 多刺的,有爭議的


let alone for 更別說


for all=despite


 


以上供大夥參考,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!



(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(0)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
  • 2月 23 週五 201800:10
  • 【GRE英文筆記】I’ve long anticipated this retrospective of the artist’s work



I’ve long anticipated this retrospective of the artist’s work, hoping it would make settled judgments about him possible, but greater familiarity with his paintings highlights their inherent ambiguity and actually makes one’s assessment similarly equivocal.

我迫不及待要去這藝術家的作品回顧展了,希望這展能使他有明確定位的可能,但是進一步的認識他畫作後卻反而點出作品的內在矛盾,實際上也使一個人的評價難以界定

 


來源:GRE考古題



原題:


I’ve long anticipated this retrospective of the artist’s work, hoping it would make (i)_____ judgments about him possible, but greater familiarity with his paintings highlights their inherent (ii)_____ and actually makes one’s assessment (iii)_____ .

























Blank(i)Blank(ii)Blank(iii)
(A)modish

(D)gloom



(G)similarly equivocal


(B)settled(E)ambiguity

(H)less sanguine


(C)detached(F)delicacy

(I)more cynical



解題方式:



先找邏輯詞,有but,and,所以先從and這邊開始處理看看,往回推greater familiarity with his paintings highlights their inherent (ii)_____ and actually makes one’s assessment(iii)_____ .邏輯同向,inherent (ii)_____= assessment(iii)_____,所以這題又再考連動的解題方式,發現有(D)配(H),和(E)配(G),有兩組候選人,所以再往前看


but表示邏輯相反,所以(i)_____ judgments = (-1) (ii)_____ ,兩個空格要相反邏輯,且要同文義匹配,所以只有(B),(E),(G)這組恰當


單字:


detached (adj) 客觀的,detach(v) 分離

modish (adj) 時尚的

delicacy (adj) 精美

settled (adj) 固定的

ambiguity (n) 含糊,模糊不定

equivocal (adj) 模糊的


sanguine (adj) 樂觀的,開心的,紅潤的


gloomy (adj) 憂傷


cynical (adj) 憤世忌俗的,挖苦的


retrospective (adj) 回顧的


補充:cynicism 犬儒主義,這個翻譯起來很奇怪,但是其實這是一個希臘字就是狗的意思 Cynic,祖師爺第歐根尼說到他不屑眼前的一切榮華富貴,所有物質上的生活都是他媽的一坨大便,他說他要像狗一樣坦然面對跟熱褲刑警一樣,沒有任何社會的束縛,不用穿衣服等等,所以這是倡導人要追求道德上的昇華,求道,求真理,求的是心理層面的提升,所以他們看不起世間的物質享受,政商關係等等,不過千年流傳之後前面的意思不見了,只留下不爽現實社會的含意


 


 


以上供大夥參考,個人筆記內容有誤再請指教!!!



(繼續閱讀...)
文章標籤

老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(0)

  • 個人分類:GRE填空
▲top
12...4»

贊助商連結

贊助商連結

個人資訊

老莊雜記
暱稱:
老莊雜記
分類:
生活綜合
好友:
累積中
地區:

熱門文章

  • (15,740)日本 【東京自由行】箱根、御殿場交通攻略懶人包
  • (7,400)GRE閱讀|A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship
  • (3,472)GRE閱讀|Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840’s
  • (2,764)日本 【東京自由行】箱根溫泉、御殿場購物兩日遊
  • (2,317)2 Pac-change 中文歌詞
  • (1,896)托福【閱讀】解題技巧-又臭又長的句子簡化題
  • (1,483)TOEFL【Reading】-十五分鐘搞定一篇托福閱讀The Origins of Agriculture
  • (1,006)GRE 閱讀|乞丐趕廟公美國版-Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American culture
  • (719)TOEFL【Reading】秒殺托福閱讀-The Origin Of Petroleum
  • (416)【GRE英文筆記】Plans to condone noise pollution

個人資訊

老莊雜記
暱稱:
老莊雜記
分類:
生活綜合
好友:
累積中
地區:

參觀人氣

  • 本日人氣:
  • 累積人氣:

熱門文章

  • (15,740)日本 【東京自由行】箱根、御殿場交通攻略懶人包
  • (7,400)GRE閱讀|A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship
  • (3,472)GRE閱讀|Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840’s
  • (2,764)日本 【東京自由行】箱根溫泉、御殿場購物兩日遊
  • (2,317)2 Pac-change 中文歌詞
  • (1,896)托福【閱讀】解題技巧-又臭又長的句子簡化題
  • (1,483)TOEFL【Reading】-十五分鐘搞定一篇托福閱讀The Origins of Agriculture
  • (1,006)GRE 閱讀|乞丐趕廟公美國版-Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American culture
  • (719)TOEFL【Reading】秒殺托福閱讀-The Origin Of Petroleum
  • (416)【GRE英文筆記】Plans to condone noise pollution

參觀人氣

  • 本日人氣:
  • 累積人氣:

文章分類

toggle 托福TOEFL ibt (4)
  • Listening聽力 (1)
  • Reading閱讀 (28)
  • Independent獨立寫作 (8)
  • Integrated整合寫作 (22)
toggle 托福TOEFL ibt (4)
  • Listening聽力 (1)
  • Reading閱讀 (28)
  • Independent獨立寫作 (8)
  • Integrated整合寫作 (22)
  • 筆記 (8)
  • 筆記 (14)
  • GRE閱讀 (65)
  • GRE閱讀 (56)
  • GRE批判性推理 (33)
  • GRE批判性推理 (29)
  • GRE填空 (36)
  • GRE填空 (29)
  • GRE, GMAT經典句 (50)
  • GRE, GMAT經典句 (50)
  • 生活-音樂 (3)
  • 生活-音樂 (3)
  • 生活-高雄 (1)
  • 生活-高雄 (1)
  • 生活-台中 (5)
  • 生活-台中 (5)
  • 生活-西班牙-薩拉戈薩 (4)
  • 腦殘遊記-美國 (2)
  • 腦殘遊記-日本 (11)
  • 腦殘遊記-美國 (2)
  • 腦殘遊記-日本 (11)
  • 腦殘遊記-中國 (1)
  • 腦殘遊記-中國 (1)
  • 未分類文章 (1)

最新留言

  • [25/04/28] 訪客 於文章「日本自由行 |鬧中取靜的京都 -漫步清水...」留言:
    您好!有什麼我可以幫助您的嗎? 我是部落客流量商,也可以看...
  • [22/10/05] 謝謝莊的熱心 於文章「GRE閱讀|The success of...」留言:
    請問第二題,選項(A)和選項(B)不是相反的意思嗎? 也就是...
  • [22/07/14] jimmycher222 於文章「GRE閱讀|Traditionally,...」留言:
    想請問一下signal reservation E選項那句怎...
  • [22/05/30] 訪客 於文章「GRE閱讀|Traditionally,...」留言:
    不好意思,想請問第二題的正確解答(E)中的reservati...
  • [22/04/12] 嘉駿 於文章「GRE批判性推理|Although se...」留言:
    講得太好了!! 希望能看到更多你對於GRE邏輯的詮釋...
  • [22/04/12] 訪客 於文章「電影|王牌對王牌The negotiat...」留言:
    回饋您這方面資訊,我是從 PTT搜尋引擎的排名,看...
  • [21/10/25] 訪客 於文章「GRE批判性推理|Columnist:U...」留言:
    供三小...認真點好嗎...
  • [21/07/02] aa 於文章「GRE閱讀|When a molten ...」留言:
    不懂 第二題 formation rate 很慢 所以任何...
  • [21/03/19] GRE320 於文章「GRE閱讀|Few central te...」留言:
    您好, 我想請問第二題, 如何看出定位句的? 因為我看...
  • [20/10/21] 訪客 於文章「GRE閱讀|In recent deca...」留言:
    看了好几篇博主的GRE阅读文章解析,感觉博主的方法论就是第一...

文章分類

toggle 托福TOEFL ibt (4)
  • Listening聽力 (1)
  • Reading閱讀 (28)
  • Independent獨立寫作 (8)
  • Integrated整合寫作 (22)
toggle 托福TOEFL ibt (4)
  • Listening聽力 (1)
  • Reading閱讀 (28)
  • Independent獨立寫作 (8)
  • Integrated整合寫作 (22)
  • 筆記 (8)
  • 筆記 (14)
  • GRE閱讀 (65)
  • GRE閱讀 (56)
  • GRE批判性推理 (33)
  • GRE批判性推理 (29)
  • GRE填空 (36)
  • GRE填空 (29)
  • GRE, GMAT經典句 (50)
  • GRE, GMAT經典句 (50)
  • 生活-音樂 (3)
  • 生活-音樂 (3)
  • 生活-高雄 (1)
  • 生活-高雄 (1)
  • 生活-台中 (5)
  • 生活-台中 (5)
  • 生活-西班牙-薩拉戈薩 (4)
  • 腦殘遊記-美國 (2)
  • 腦殘遊記-日本 (11)
  • 腦殘遊記-美國 (2)
  • 腦殘遊記-日本 (11)
  • 腦殘遊記-中國 (1)
  • 腦殘遊記-中國 (1)
  • 未分類文章 (1)

最新留言

  • [25/04/28] 訪客 於文章「日本自由行 |鬧中取靜的京都 -漫步清水...」留言:
    您好!有什麼我可以幫助您的嗎? 我是部落客流量商,也可以看...
  • [22/10/05] 謝謝莊的熱心 於文章「GRE閱讀|The success of...」留言:
    請問第二題,選項(A)和選項(B)不是相反的意思嗎? 也就是...
  • [22/07/14] jimmycher222 於文章「GRE閱讀|Traditionally,...」留言:
    想請問一下signal reservation E選項那句怎...
  • [22/05/30] 訪客 於文章「GRE閱讀|Traditionally,...」留言:
    不好意思,想請問第二題的正確解答(E)中的reservati...
  • [22/04/12] 嘉駿 於文章「GRE批判性推理|Although se...」留言:
    講得太好了!! 希望能看到更多你對於GRE邏輯的詮釋...
  • [22/04/12] 訪客 於文章「電影|王牌對王牌The negotiat...」留言:
    回饋您這方面資訊,我是從 PTT搜尋引擎的排名,看...
  • [21/10/25] 訪客 於文章「GRE批判性推理|Columnist:U...」留言:
    供三小...認真點好嗎...
  • [21/07/02] aa 於文章「GRE閱讀|When a molten ...」留言:
    不懂 第二題 formation rate 很慢 所以任何...
  • [21/03/19] GRE320 於文章「GRE閱讀|Few central te...」留言:
    您好, 我想請問第二題, 如何看出定位句的? 因為我看...
  • [20/10/21] 訪客 於文章「GRE閱讀|In recent deca...」留言:
    看了好几篇博主的GRE阅读文章解析,感觉博主的方法论就是第一...

文章精選

最新文章

  • 在西班牙畢業後簽證的延期方式,『找工作』簽證 | seeking jobs visa.
  • 西班牙留學如何打疫苗- How a foreign student get vaccination in Spain
  • 西班牙歐洲哈草聖地,自產自銷捲菸去
  • 西班牙歐洲哈草聖地,介紹一款便宜小雪茄只要2.8 EU
  • Matsu Pilgrimage in Taiwan
  • Matsu Pilgrimage in Taiwan
  • Preparation for GRE | T-19
  • Preparation for GRE | T-19
  • Preparation for GRE | T-20
  • Preparation for GRE | T-22

文章精選

留言板

最新文章

  • 在西班牙畢業後簽證的延期方式,『找工作』簽證 | seeking jobs visa.
  • 西班牙留學如何打疫苗- How a foreign student get vaccination in Spain
  • 西班牙歐洲哈草聖地,自產自銷捲菸去
  • 西班牙歐洲哈草聖地,介紹一款便宜小雪茄只要2.8 EU
  • Matsu Pilgrimage in Taiwan
  • Matsu Pilgrimage in Taiwan
  • Preparation for GRE | T-19
  • Preparation for GRE | T-19
  • Preparation for GRE | T-20
  • Preparation for GRE | T-22

留言板

動態訂閱

動態訂閱

文章搜尋

文章搜尋

贊助商連結

贊助商連結