文章原文：世界公民文化中心
If you own a cell phone, changes are you've already become part of the "Heads down tribe". Indeed, the smartphone provides a whole arsenal of features for us to use and we can use it whatever we go. But the emergence of the smartphone has changed the way we interact each other. Some say we have lost our passion with one another, other's say; "Just go with it! " This is the new way of communication.
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文章原文：華爾街日報
Making the move from middle management to the executive suite requires a healthy dose of confidence. Executives have to make critical, wide-reaching decisions, often with limited information and time-- then persuade others to execute those decisions. Self-assurance is a must.
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The chief problem was technological: How were the Europeans to reach the East? Europe's maritime tradition had developed in the context of easily navigable seas-the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and, to a lesser extent, the North Sea between England and the Continent-not of vast oceans. New types of ships were needed, new methods of finding one's way, new techniques for financing so vast a scheme. The sheer scale of the investment it took to begin commercial expansion at sea reflects the immensity of the profits that such East-West trade could create. Spices were the most sought-after commodities. Spices not only dramatically improved the taste of the European diet but also were used to manufacture perfumes and certain medicines. But even high-priced commodities like spices had to be transported in large bulk in order to justify the expense and trouble of sailing around the African continent all the way to India and China.
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....paragraph 4:
Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.
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拿到考題前先進行各段主題句的筆記： 老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(1,172)
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Paragraph 3
……………………They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.
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不講廢話直接進入主題破解句子簡化：就兩個東西邏輯優先，次者主幹
邏輯詞一定要考慮到隱晦和明顯的兩者老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(1,890)
參考資料來自：ETS TOEFL TPO43-2
第一段老莊雜記 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(710)
托福TOEFL ibt (4)