Extensive housing construction is underway in Pataska Forest, the habitat of a large population of deer. Because deer feed at the edges of forests, these deer will be attracted to the spaces alongside the new roads being cut through Pataska Forest to serve the new residential areas. Consequently, once the housing is occupied, the annual number of the forest’s deer hit by cars will be much higher than before construction started.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
- The number of deer hit by commercial vehicles will not increase significantly when the housing is occupied.
- Deer will be as attracted to the forest edge around new houses as to the forest edge alongside roads.
- In years past, the annual number of deer that have been hit by cars on existing roads through Pataska Forest has been very low.
- The development will leave sufficient forest to sustain a significant population of deer.
- No deer hunting will be allowed in Pataska Forest when the housing is occupied.
解題方式:
題目問到 an assumption 這字面上意思是假設,所以題目這麼問一定是等等看的這個題目缺少了前提,整個邏輯要完整必須要加上某個前提才能使的我接下來的結論成立,這又意味著一件事情,就是等等看文章的時候往結論去找就對了,其他都是鋪梗的廢話。既然是邏輯題,就不能用英文直接翻譯去找答案,我們還需要數學四則運算的概念,或是集合分割的概念
總而言之assumption這類題型在問假設,就是先找文章結論,然後把這個assumption當作結論句的上一層邏輯關係即可。回到本題我們看到句尾開始Consequently,這個字出現了,然後快速看一下這句話抓主幹
once the housing is occupied, the annual number of the forest’s deer hit by cars will be much higher than before construction started.
當我們到once可以知道他一定不是主幹內容,他是副詞子句在幫忙把主要子句說得更到位,所以暫時不理會,接著看到than這個連接詞也是在說明誰比誰大比誰多,做更詳細說明罷了,所以也是修飾部分,因此被我們這麼一刪,整個文章要看的只有兩個字number,higher,好了沒了
接下來assumption之所以我們會有前提,假設是為了要讓本質主更加強用的,表示這個前提是要使得結論的主幹成立,更加簡單的來說就是A→B,B是結論剛剛有說到的number,higher,請你把A找出來,因此要跟number,higher有關,所以找到跟數字上升有關的選項只剩下(D),其中(A)不增加,(B)房子邊=路邊,持平,(C)很低,(D)很多,(E)沒有講數字,你不能直接假設狩獵打鹿的其中一種死法禁掉,鹿就會有很多的機會被撞死。這裡並沒有截長補短的概念,誰說沒被射死就一定要被撞死,這樣就變成額外推理了,他們之間還差了很多的邏輯去連結。而我們的(D)是符合假設的,因為有很多的鹿在森林裡面生活,所以開發之後鹿就有很高的機率被撞死,因為有很大的數量,才會有很高的機率死亡,要有生產數量(significant population of deer),才能滿足市場需求(deer hit by cars will be much higher),總不能說這裡沒有鹿,然後得到的鹿被撞死機率比以前多,所以應該是要有鹿的存在才能被撞,簡單來講:『沒有鹿,要撞誰』
答案(D)
PS:
假設這題問到weaken,那(D)選項直接『取非』即可,因為weaken削弱行邏輯,就是要使得結論不可能發生,所以假設(D)選項改能沒有鹿存在於森林裡,那麼怎麼可能會有得到一個結論是路被撞死的機率比往年高。
以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家,有誤再請指教!!
