熱血背包客莊ㄟ

It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a "pile" that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the recent model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. 

1. According to the passage, which of the following features is characteristic of an El Nino?

(A) Cold coastal water near Peru

(B) Winds blowing from the west

(C) Random occurrence

(D) Worldwide effects

(E) Short duration

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

2. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?

(A) Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.

(B) The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall

(C) The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.

結構分析：

It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east.

主角是聖嬰現象，記成ＥＮ，下面文章講到two後面又搭配標題一跟二，這直接就是進入主題給出兩點，分別是第一：溫水，第二：東風，後面的關係代名詞隨你要不要讀 rising over the warm water，這是修飾空氣用的.那這樣這一句話就結束了，相較之下，短文章其實內容不會像長文章一樣邏輯轉來轉去。

These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a "pile" that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more.

紅色字部分，看到代名詞了，沒必要看了。

The contribution of the recent model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level.

最近的模型，這倒是重點，因為新的東西可以點出觀點上的新舊對比，所以我這句話的地位等同於第一句話，相對來說就是提出新觀點，但是文章到現在還沒出現轉折詞喔，所以這觀點預判應該是順向的支持邏輯，所以還是延續第一句那兩觀點作延伸，本句當中, which raise sea level in the east,這是插入語，又是關係代名詞子句，是修飾前方名詞用的，這根本不是主軸，直接刪除不看，所以新觀點的新內容就是後方的綠色部位拉 send a signal to the west lowering sea level.給了一個『訊號』，其實到這邊即可，假設比較龜毛的話可以在詳記後方的lowering sea level.這個是分詞構句去跟the winds of an El Nino搭配的，因為如果當成關係代名詞修飾west怪怪的，西邊不可能把海面降低，他不是海神波賽頓啊，收進衣櫥記得要放金鳥防蟲劑，因為短文章本來就不多，時間上多少還是可以允許亂搞的空間，所以這訊號是只西邊海平面下降的訊號。

According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. 

這句話也是看到代名詞就該收手了，有代名詞出現表示前方已經提過了，既然前方提到，與此再提一次，中間沒有轉折詞連接，那只不過是補充說明，最棒的事情是內容補充說明邏輯都是同向的，所以我在文章拿到還沒做題的情況下，我所關心的不是內容的細膩度，而是文章的方向跟文體，茫茫人海當中要找人一定是先看這目標是哪一國人，哪一村的啊，這樣你才有方向啊，再來看是要怎麼去啊，搭船，坐飛機，開車，走路騎腳踏車。

第一題：

問到特徵就表示，剛剛那兩個考點，秒殺，選（Ｂ）

第二題：

題目是推理題喔！！所以要先選定對象，題目給你的對象是the cessation of the winds of an El Nino白話一點就是沒有EN是怎樣的情形啊，這樣目標有譜了，就是往文章去找到有ＥＮ的時候他有吹風的時候，這是定位點，再來找到他們的內容取『反』，就是答案了，就題也就只是在考對比推理而已。

所以開始找內容吧，首先第一批內容考點跟第一題一樣，就是

(1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru

(2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east.

再來別忘了整個文章是順子結構，邏輯相同一路到底，所以改為注意新觀點，但因為新觀點有兩句話，我這邊先偷懶，東西超過兩句話的話，而他又是多選題，我通常會先看選項在解題。

(A) Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.

有專有名詞，對應到最後

According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. 

這句話中間的插入句直接放掉，這是同位語啊a wave of....wave對上 wave這就是細說這個波是怎樣的波啊，而我剛關注的是這個波所帶出的效應是啥，而不是這個波的自我介紹，因此內容要取negative Rossby wave that moves westward，同理後面那個parallel to the equator.....這個也別看了，這是關係代名詞限定用法，修飾那個波，那波平行於赤道，介係詞at後放在給上速率。然後切回題目文的，文章內容跟題目問的東西記得要『取反』，文章內容是generated，取反是不產生剛好等於（Ａ）cease，這個正確。

文法說明：

According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day.

這句話的原樣應該是，that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave that moves westward這是主幹，然後修飾詞為negative Rossby wave, which is a wave of depressed sea level, or which is a negative sea level,這個負的ＲＷ是一個讓海平面沈降的波或是也可以說ＲＷ是一讓該海平面低於周遭海平面的波，要記得注意到逗點，這是關係代名詞非限定用法，所以我講得這些東西對上ＲＷ具有唯一性也就是說所有得ＲＷ都有我修飾詞內的特點。最後還有一個negative Rossby wave （which is） parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. ，這個是可以當作當作關係代名詞的『限定』用法，你查一下ＲＷ會發現他有三十幾種，而文章討論的這種是平行於赤道並且已一天25~85公里的速度前進的那種。

(B) The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall

選項是東邊的比較低，

The contribution of the recent model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level.

後方有個西邊比較低的概念，所以取『反』，嘿嘿～～

(C) The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.

哇拷新觀點兩句話都用完了怎麼辦，哈哈別忘了開頭的兩個特徵，這個結合起來就恰似一洋溫水向東流拉～～，原來李後主那個時代就知道有聖嬰現象了，所以對上特徵（1）取反，即是答案

選（Ａ）（Ｂ）（Ｃ）

這篇感覺不難總算可以增加信心了，以上筆記供大夥參考若有錯誤再煩請指教