The Earth's magnetic field is generated as the molten iron of the Earth's outer core revolves around its solid inner core; when surges in the molten iron occur, magnetic tempests are created. At the Earth's surface, these tempests can be detected by changes in the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. For reasons not fully understood, the field itself reverses periodically every million years or so. Clearly, geophysicists who seek to explain and forecast changes in the field must understand what happens in the outer core. Unlike meteorologists, however, they cannot rely on observations made in their own lifetimes. Whereas atmospheric storms arise in a matter of hours and last for days, magnetic tempests develop over decades and persist for centuries.
1.In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
(A) analyzing a complicated scientific phenomenon and its impact on the Earth's surface features
(B) describing a natural phenomenon and the challenges its study presents to researchers
(C) discussing a scientific field of research and the gaps in researchers' methodological approaches to it
(D) comparing two distinct fields of physical science and the different research methods employed in each
(E) proposing an explanation for a geophysical phenomenon and an experiment that could help confirm that explanation
2. Select the sentence in the passage that implies the reason why geophysicists seeking to explain magnetic tempests ought to conduct research on the Earth's outer core.
結構分析：
The Earth's magnetic field is generated as the molten iron of the Earth's outer core revolves around its solid inner core; when surges in the molten iron occur, magnetic tempests are created. At the Earth's surface, these tempests can be detected by changes in the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. （有代名詞不值得你花時間去看，生命多美好，請向代名詞說不）For reasons not fully understood, the field itself reverses periodically every million years or so.（這裡不看的原因因為not fully understood,不完全暸解，也是可以想成阿你都不確定了我看屁啊～～這也也沒錯拉，不過關鍵是For reasons 這兩個字表原因，我抓主幹就好了，抓住結果題目有問再說）
開始囉～燈滅起跑，主題是地球磁場簡稱ＥＭ好了，他怎麼了？as給你後方相關資訊，這個as理解成因果，或是『當』都隨便，後方那個 molten iron是要記得然後是地球外核，整理一下：有ＥＭ，因為外核的ＭＩ。施主到此為止～別再看了回頭是岸，後方的冒號表示解釋說明。
Clearly, geophysicists who seek to explain and forecast changes in the field must understand what happens in the outer core.
開頭的字的確吸睛，不過這個就是強調語氣罷了，在邏輯上也是跟上一句承接，依照慣例～請播放張雨生的say goodbye。
Unlike meteorologists, however, they cannot rely on observations made in their own lifetimes.
哇靠到轉折詞了～～轉折詞後面是重點啊～他們不能用一輩子的時間觀察，不過那個他們倒是引起我的興趣來，短文章時間安排算充裕，所以我就決定來找找他們到底指誰，這線索設在前方Unlike meteorologists,這個Ｍ氣象學家，然後再給個不像，這意為著它跟後面的內容邏輯取反，也就是Ｍ＝can rely on observations made in their own lifetimes.他只是順便處理而已，重點是他們是誰，只能往前找了，不要往後找，代名詞出現一定是前面有提到之後才能轉為代名詞，然後這代名詞又是要跟meteorologists同屬性的人物，所以自然而然找到geophysicists，總結一下：Ｇ不能用一輩子的時間觀察
Whereas atmospheric storms arise in a matter of hours and last for days, magnetic tempests develop over decades and persist for centuries.
接下來句內轉折，看主要子句即可，到時候再邏輯取反，所以前方那個Ｇ說一輩子當沒辦法觀察，這裡給到over decades and persist for centuries.
這也表示Ｇ沒辦法查的原因是時間太長了，然後反推句內轉折內容應該就是時間很多，滄海桑田ＶＳ曇花一現，atmospheric storms乾我屁事啊～他不在主要子句裡，放下吧別糾結了。
第一題：
作者態度，要注意到轉折，因有轉折字眼，所以找選項的時候一定要找個『負向字』的，轉折後面接的東西是Ｇ不能研究啊沒『時間』啊，選（Ｂ）
補充：
因為邏輯是不會被改變的因果永遠因果，轉折永遠轉折，不會突然變成並列，所以遇到轉折必為前後有某兩個東西互斥，所以只有（Ｂ）有個challenges的負向字，就選他了，如果不放心，其驗算就是把主幹拿出來對就好了，我們主幹有『ＥＭ』有『融融鐵』，最後有『科學家』『時間太長』，再來就要知道選項的每一組概念名詞的含義了，像是phenomenon在偉氏辭典的定義就是自然的景象不是經由思考或是直覺來的關係，所以前面兩個東西都是自然事物而且關係是因果，符合定義，接著科學家就對實驗啊，然後就開開心心地把答案選起來了，可信度猶如SHA-256，安拉～～。
這題如果題目狠一點出到analyzing VS. describing，老樣子先找偉哥字典，不仿可以找個時間感受一下，我這裡直接說結論了，他們的差異在『主觀論點VS.客觀描述』，所以高下立判是一事實描述。這類模糊不清的考題如果要加強的話，應該就是題目一直做，然後英英字典一直查，想辦法把文章的具體描述去推理看看能否變成選項的概念名詞
最後如果要分析各個選項去做排除的話也是可以拉，但是強烈不建議，這個時間跟大腦的ＡＴＰ會耗損超快，而且我覺得這樣有點像是用選項去說服自己剛剛讀的東西，有點因果倒置，很容易被GRE牽著走。（Ａ）剛剛analyzing已經暴露出他的陷阱了，再來因為沒提到人，所以描述不完整，（Ｃ）那個gaps是時間差，這個GAPS出現就是要告訴你去往句子當中有『句內轉折』的句子去找內容（Ｄ）比較兩個領域想必他出題點應該是氣象學對抗地質學，但是這內容的比較是在描述時間差異，跟選項不搭，而且以結構上來看他是在主題邏輯的下面的細節，所以我的however才會用類似enter鍵的箭頭代號去表達，而不是平常一般的拉直線雙箭頭，他轉折的點不是去反駁主題那個ＥＭ由融融鐵來的，而是在這個主題之下『的細節』被作者提出質疑反駁。（Ｅ）explanation這個翻一下偉哥字典他說：to give the reason for or cause of，確實有跟第一句話對到The Earth's magnetic field is generated as the molten iron of the Earth's outer core revolves around its solid inner core，但是後面要取反啊，時間太長做不出實驗。
這裡有個概念名詞的練習可以試試看：
偉氏線上辭典：https://www.merriam-webster.com/
第二題：
先判斷一下他到底是哪種題型，implies the reason why，看到這些字要同時滿足就是修辭目的題了，而implies的推理題訊號字看似無用武之地，但其實出題者還是有暗示的，叫你往主題找，因為推理題如果不是在做對象對比的話，那就只剩下呼應文章主旨的功能，接著，為啥why很重要，因為她在幫我們限定範圍，論文一般來說在沒有特別的關鍵字出現時，通常也做方式都是先因後果，因所以就是叫你往前找答案就對了拉～
好了解題思慮清楚之後看一下目標在哪～這篇幾乎可以邊喝咖啡邊做題了，之所以想寫這一篇是因為它出題很有代表性，題目不難，但是很清楚的告訴大家解題思維。
找到了geophysicists seeking to explain magnetic tempests ought to conduct research on the Earth's outer core.對應到：
Clearly, geophysicists who seek to explain and forecast changes in the field must understand what happens in the outer core.
對應完之後，往前找一個是在發揚文章主旨的句子就好，先來候選人一號：
（ㄅ）For reasons not fully understood, the field itself reverses periodically every million years or so.
這直接幹掉，理解是：後面主幹講的事情，我不知道原因，後面主幹the field itself reverses periodically every million years or so.這個是『果』，可是題目要你找的『因』，跟這個不一樣，所以在講兩碼子的事情，不過簡單的判斷是題目要問你找原因啊，可是這句For reasons not fully understood,告訴你找不到喔～去家找吧，哈哈所以目光再向上，
（ㄆ）At the Earth's surface, these tempests can be detected by changes in the strength of the Earth's magnetic field.
看到表面就別找了，因為題目給的是the outer core. 所以就是第一句了，而他也符合implies的要求就是要配合文章主旨。
The Earth's magnetic field is generated as the molten iron of the Earth's outer core revolves around its solid inner core; when surges in the molten iron occur, magnetic tempests are created.
以上筆記供大夥參考若有錯誤再煩請指教
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