熱血背包客莊ㄟ

The public is well aware that high blood cholesterol levels raise the risk of stroke caused by blood clots, but a recent report concludes that people with low blood cholesterol levels are at increased risk of the other lethal type of stroke---cerebral hemorrhage, caused when a brain artery busts. The report suggests that because blood cholesterol plays a vita role in maintaining cell membranes, low blood cholesterol weakens artery walls, making them prone to rupture. The conclusion thus supports a long-standing contention by Japanese researchers that Western diets better protect against cerebral hemorrhage than do non-Western diets.

The argument is based on which one of the following assumption?

(A) Western diets are healthier than non-Western diets.

(B) Western diets result in higher blood cholesterol levels than do non-Western diets.

(C) High blood cholesterol levels preclude the weakening of artery walls.

(D) Cerebral hemorrhages are more dangerous than strokes caused by blood clots.

(E) People who have low blood pressure are at increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

logic book style：

Premise1：The public is well aware that high blood cholesterol levels raise the risk of stroke caused by blood clots

Premise2：but a recent report concludes that people with low blood cholesterol levels are at increased risk of the other lethal type of stroke---cerebral hemorrhage, caused when a brain artery busts.

Premise3：The report suggests that because blood cholesterol plays a vita role in maintaining cell membranes

Premise4： low blood cholesterol weakens artery walls, making them prone to rupture.

Conclusion： The conclusion thus supports a long-standing contention by Japanese researchers that Western diets better protect against cerebral hemorrhage than do non-Western diets.

中文對照：

前提一：高ＣＨ→中風

前提二：低ＣＨ→血管爆炸

（吃了我們一曰喪命散的人，一天之內會武功全失，經脈逆流，胡思亂想而致走火入魔，最後會血管爆裂而死，看來一日喪命散的成分除了七種不同的毒蟲，再加上了鶴頂紅， 提鍊了七七四十九曰而成的，此外還加了特調低ＣＨ，low blood cholesterol）

前提三：因為膽固存在維持細胞膜（ＣＭ）的

前提四：ＣＨ弱化邊牆

結論：吃麥當勞，漢堡王有益健康防止腦溢血

連貫性（coherence）：ＣＨ和血管爆炸間的關係

看到assumption可以開心一下，因為只要找出論辯中的預設立場，即可挑出選項了，所以關鍵字多半或落在前提裡頭，然後加上去之後這個選項的某關鍵字會再跟結論的某關鍵字連結，白話一點就是assumption把前提和結論的共價鍵找出，所以假設題就是必須找連貫性，說白了就是一個『讀選項抓關鍵字，去對應論辯當中的結論並且可以成功』的考題。

選項：

(A) Western diets are healthier than non-Western diets.

不想選他，因為並沒有把ＣＨ和ＷＤ西方飲食做連結，管他是高還是低，啊感覺好像已經把答案說出來了，其二判斷方式是，對這個可以當成前提的東西對他質疑，質疑成功就不是答案，生菜沙拉不加醬的情況應該算健康吧，結論的反例輕鬆找到，所以不選。

(B) Western diets result in higher blood cholesterol levels than do non-Western diets.

麥當勞肯德基這類比較容易有高ＣＨ，這個合理可以選，應為高ＣＨ連貫到前提一，前提一的結果是中風，但不會爆炸，所以接回結論：吃麥當勞，漢堡王沒有腦溢血的問題，

選（Ｂ），確定？確定！恭喜答對了

補充：

不要做額外申論，不要對結論按讚或是反讚，送愛心或是給怒臉，說有益健康才怪，不會腦溢血但是會中風啊，這樣不行，題目問的是缺少了一個假設前提，只要把它找出來即可，如果額外申論那就表示已經在對論辯做評價（evaluation）了，而這又是另一個題型。

(C) High blood cholesterol levels preclude the weakening of artery walls.

低ＣＨ會造成 weakening of artery walls並不會等於高ＣＨ可以抵抗weakening of artery walls，他們不是一正一負的關係

(D) Cerebral hemorrhages are more dangerous than strokes caused by blood clots.

跟連貫性不同，這裡講病情的危險比較

(E) People who have low blood pressure are at increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

這偷換概念了（begging the question）低膽固存不等於低血壓。

我認為GRE的錯誤選項是定義上的問題，角色扮演上的錯誤，而不是翻譯內容上的瑕疵讓他產生錯誤，所以要從定義著手才是王道，以上個人筆記希望有幫助到大家，文章內容中英夾雜請見諒，有誤再請指教!!