Paragraph 3

……………………They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.

Paragraph 4

So, in another set of experiments, Kramer put identical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. The boxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same point of the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could be changed by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun, no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to the correct food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or the left wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days, however, the birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

 

@:Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about Kramer s reason for filling one food box and leaving the rest empty?

A. He believed the birds would eat food from only one box.

B. He wanted to see whether the Sun alone controlled the birds' ability to navigate toward the box with food.

C. He thought that if all the boxes contained food, this would distract the birds from following their migratory route.

D. He needed to test whether the birds preferred having the food at any particular point of the compass.

 


What is the inference ?

 

To realize the inference, first, all you need to know is to judge what the question you got and which type of question. In the question, we were requested to answer the Kramer’s reason, meaning that the question is not to be asked solving which one of the following information can infer something. Instead, we need to check out the main ideal of the question, saying “about Kramer’s reason ”, a hint to make we solve this kind of question called “rhetorical purpose”. 

 

This question is a rhetorical purpose camouflaged by the word, inferred, written by the skill of the intrinsic rhetorical purpose with the outer skin of inference. This question say "filling one food box and leaving the rest empty", so we can orientate "identical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes" on the Paragraph 4, and read that whole senteance. Had we not read the whole sentence, we would not know the complete meaning expressing from the sentence.

 

So, this is not to make you answer inference from the information matching the article, but to consider the relation between the context. Let’s check the sentence of the paragraph 4 saying “So, in other set of experiments, Kramer out the identical food boxes around the cages, with food in only one of the boxes”. Judging from the rule of rhetoric purpose, we don’t need to analyze the sentence and make a translation. However, what we gonna do is to see the upper sentence of the sentence showing on the question and forget about the target sentence. Because we can see “So”, a logical word describing the “cause and effect” and the word would follow the rule of linear logical chains, cause followed by effect, arguments followed by examples, and generality followed by detail, the rule generally used on academic article, we will know that the sentence directed by the question is “effect”, meaning that the upper sentence would be “cause”. So this upper sentence, “How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.”,  was the answer we want. Then we just need to find the main idea from the sentence, and the real answer would come out. 

 

The main idea is that a bird navigate by Sun, making the answer in the question be B.

 

 

以上自己整理出來的內容希望能幫上忙,喜歡,或是不喜歡還是有錯誤,歡迎留言指教,謝謝!! 

 


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